LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

RIVERSIDE 


MJi<^ 


IffiRVARBCODLtOE 
:flMBRIDGE-MyiASS.' 


Souvenir  250th  Anniversary. 


HARVARD 


AND 


ITS     SURROUNDINGS 


EDITION    DE   LUXE 


By   MOSES   KING 


COPIOUSLY    ILLUSTRATED    WITH    ALBERTYPES,    AND    ENGRAVINGS 


BOSTON 

Rand  Avery  Company 

jFrantilin  Press 

1886 


Copyright,  1S7S, 
By  MOSES  KING 


Copyright,  1880, 
By  CHARLES  W.   SEVER. 


Copyright,  1SS2, 
By  MOSES  KING. 


Copyright,  1883, 
By  MOSES  KING. 

Copyright,  1886, 
By  rand  AVERY  COMPANY. 


ALBERTYPES   by  the   FORBES  COMPANY,    BOSTON. 

DESIGNS   BY   L.    S.    IPSEN. 

SKETCHES   BY   H.    M.    STEPHENSON. 


FI'.ANKLIN   press:     RAND   AVERY    COMPANY, 
BOSTON. 


INTRODUCTION. 


This  little  handbook  is  designed  to  take  the  place  of  an  intelligent  com- 
panion to  the  visitoi-  in  his  walk  through  Harvard  and  its  historical  vicinity, 
giving  brief  yet  sufficiently  definite  descriptions  of  every  place  visited,  with 
passing  allusions  to  its  leading  historical  and  biographical  associations,  and 
devoting  the  larger  proportion  of  space  to  the  specially  noteworthy  objects. 

Our  visitor  is  assumed  to  have  arrived  at  Harvard  College,  which  can  be 
reached  in  half  an  hour  from  Boston,  either  by  carriage  or  by  the  Cambridge 
horse  cars  that  start  from  Bowdoin  Square. 

The  route  proposed  may  be  easily  traced  on  the  accompanying  key  plan  — 
on  next  page  —  by  following  the  numerical  order;  nevertheless,  as  correspond- 
ing numbers  are  attached  to  the  description  of  each  place  in  the  book,  an  in- 
dependent course  may  be  taken  if  one  so  desires. 

Whatever  is  most  worth  seeing  is  accessible  to  visitors  without  fees  or 
restrictions,  and  no  objection  is  offered  to  a  quiet  walk  through  any  of  the 
grounds  or  buildings,  except  the  Observatory. 

An  asterisk  (*)  is  placed  in  the  Index  opposite  to  the  most  noteworthy 
places.  A  dagger  (f)  in  the  text  signifies  that  the  place  is  described  in  the 
"  Walk  through  Cambridge,"  page  67. 

Numbers  in  full-faced  type,  e.  ;/.,  (25),  that  occur  throughout  the  book, 
refer,  first,  to  the  description  of  the  place ;  second,  to  its  number  on  the  key 
plan;  and  third,  to  the  illustration  pertaining  to  it,  if  there  is  any. 

No  attempt  is  made  to  produce  anything  new;  our  object  is  merely  to 
reproduce  in  a  convenient  and  simple  form  that  which  is  already  known. 
Wherever  we  have  found  anything  adapted  to  our  purpose  we  have  made  use 
of  it.  We  are  specially  indebted  to  the  "  Harvard  Book,"  to  Drake's  "  His- 
toric Fields  and  Mansions  of  Middlesex,"  and  to  Rev.  William  Newell,  D.  D., 
John  Langdon  Sibley,  and  Rev.  A.  P.  Peabody,  D.  D.  Want  of  s|)ace  permits 
only  a  general  acknowledgment  of  our  indebtedness  to  the  various  other  sources 
from  which  information  has  been  derived. 


INDEX. 


The  number  in  the  first  column  indicates :  Ist,  the  position  of  each  place  on  the  key  plan 
(page  4) ;  2d,  the  consecutive  number  pretixed  to  the  various  places  described  iu  this  book ;  3d, 
the  corresponding  illustration.  The  number  iu  the  second  column  gives  the  page  ou  which  the 
description  may  be  found. 

The  (*)  asterisk  points  out  to  the  visitor  whose  time  is  limited  the  specially  noteworthy  places. 


NO.  PAGE  I 

A.  D.  Club 74 

Alpha  Delta  Phi 74 

Annex,  The  Harvard 54&  95 

Appleton  Chapel  ........  12  30 

♦Arnold  Arboretum   .......  66 

Arsenal,  The  State    . 47  87 

Athletic  Association,  Harvard  ...  39 

*Au8tiuHall 19  37 

Base  Ball  Club,  H.  U 27  48 

*Beck  Hall 34  68 

Bishop's  Palace 36  71 

Boat  Club,  H.  U 30  53 

Boat  House 30  53 

♦Botanic  Garden 48  58 

♦Boylston  Hall  ...........      7  23 

Brattle  House       60  99 

Brookline  Bridge  Route 65  101 

*Bu8sey  Institution 63 

Cambridge  Casino     .    o 54c  96 

Cambridge  Common 42a  82 

Cambridge  Hospital 50«  88 

♦Christ  Church 42  80 

City  Building,  New 61  100 

Class  Day  Tree 17  33 

College  House 39  57 

Dana  House 33  56 

♦Dane  Hall 4  22 

♦Dental  School  .........  03 

♦Divinity  Hall 23  4>3 


Education,  Cost  of 

Elective  System 

♦Elmwood 

♦Episcopal  Theological  School   .    . 

Expenditure,  Annual,  of  Students 


NO.  PACJK 

18 
15 

.    50      88 

.    55      96 

18 


Fayerweather  House 51  90 

Feltou  Building 31  67 

First  Parish  Church 40  77 

Foot  Ball  Club,  H.  U 28  52 

♦Gore  Hall 8  24 

Government  of  the  University  ...  14 

Graduates,  Number  of 14 

♦Grays  Hall 6  23 

Gymnasium,  The  Old 29  52 

♦Gymnasium,  The  New 19i';  39 

♦Harvard  Hall 2  21 

Harvard  Monument 11 

Hasty  Pudding  Club 72 

Hicks  House 62  100 

Hilton  Dormitories 36a  74 

History  of  Harvard  University       .     .  11 

Oolden  Chapel 15  32 

♦Ilollis  Hall 16  33 

Holmes  Field 28  52 

Holmes  House 18  34 

♦Holworthy  Hall 13  20 

♦Holyoke  House 37  57 

Instruction  at  Twenty  Colleges      .     .  lt> 

Introductiuu ^ 

5 


INDEX. 


M.inis  Hold 

•Jcffor»«.)u  i'byslcnl  Laboratory 


NO.  PAGE 

.    27      48 


Key  rial) 4 

Law  SchiHjl  (Hane  Hall) 4      22 

•Ijiw  School,  New 19      37 

•Lawrence  Hall  (Kpiscopal  Tbcologi- 

c«l  [jcliool) 57      98 

•Lawrence  Scientific  School   ....  20      40 

Lee  House 52      91 

•Library  '.Gore  Hall) 8      24 

•Little's  Block 38      75 

♦Lonijfellow's  Honse 54      39 

Longfellow  Memorial  Association     .  54a    94 

•Lowell's  House 50      88 

•Massachusetts  Hall 1      19 

•Matthews  Hall 3      21 

•Medical  School,  Old 61 

•Medical  School,  New 62 

•Memorial  Hall 22      41 

•Memorial  Hall  Transept 22      42 

Memorial  Tablets 71 

•Mount  Auburn  Cemetery 506    89 

♦Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  .    .  25      46 

Museum,  Projected 267      4 

Xatural  History  Society 74 

Number  of  Students 15 

Observatory,  Astronomical   ....  49      59 

•Old  Cambridge  Baptist  Church.     .     .  35      69 

Old  Mile  Stone 67 

Old  President's  Chair 28 

•Old  President's  House 5      22 

•Peabody  Museum  of  Archaeology  .     .  24      44 

Pecuniary  Aid  for  Students  ....  17 

•Physical  Laboratory,  New     ....  19a    38 

I'i  Ew  Society 74 

Porcelliau  Club 73 


NO.  PAGE 

President's  House     .......  32  .56 

Presiduiite  of  Harvard,  List  of  .    .     .  13 

Quadrangle,  The  .......  20 

•Reed  Hall 58  98 

Reservoir,  The 49«  87 

Riedesel  House,  The .53  92 

♦Sanders  Theatre 22  41 

Seal  of  Cambridge Co 

Seal  of  Harvard  University   ....  9 

•Sever  Hall 10«  29 

Shepard  Memorial  Church    ....  44  84 

Society  Hall 21  40 

Societies,  Various 74 

Soldiers'  Monument 43  83 

*St.  John's  Memorial  Chapel  ....  56  96 

*Sluughton  Hall 14  31 

St.  Paul's  Church (53    101 

Students,  Whence  they  come    ...  16 

Teachers,  Number  of 15 

Thayer  Commons  Hall 18>/  35 

•Thayer  Hall 11  30 

Town  Burying-Grouiid 41  79 

•University  Hall 10  27 

Vassal  House 59  98 

•Veterinary  Medicine,  School  of      .     .  64 

Wadsworth  House 5  22 

"Walk  through  Cambridge      ....  67 

Walk  through  Harvard      .....  19 

♦Washington  Eim 45  84 

♦Washington's  Headquarters  ....  54  93 

Waterhouse  House 46  86 

*Weld  Hall 9  26 

Zoological  Hall 21  40 


LIST   OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


The  column  headed  Ko.  indicates  the  numbers  of  the  descriptions,  which  are  arranged  in  the 
Older  of  arithmetical  progression.  It  also  refers  to  the  position  of  the  designated  place  on  the 
key  plan  on  page  4.  The  column  headed  Page  indicates  the  page  on  or  facing  which  the  illustia- 
tion  will  be  found. 

ALBERT YPES    (FULL   PAGES). 

NO.  PAGE 

Appleton  Chapel Vi  32 

Astronomical  Observatory 49  et 

Austin  Hall  (The  New  Law  School) 19  38 

Beck  Hall 34  09 

Boat  House 30  53 

Botanic  Garden 48  gO 

BoYLSTON  Hall 7  24 

BussEY  Institution 66 

College  House 39  57 

Dane  Hall  (The  Old  Law  School) 4  03 

Dental  School  (The  Old  Medical  School) 63 

Divinity  Hall 23  44 

Felton  Building 31  67 

Gore  Hall 8  25 

Grays  Hall 6  26 

Gymnasium  (New)  Exterior 196  42 

Gymnasium  (New)  Interior 196  43 

Gymnasium  (Old) 29  f)2 

Harvard  Hall 2  19 

Hilton  Dormitories 36a  75 

HoLLis  Hall 16  35 

Holwortiiy  Hall 13  31 

HoLYOKE  House 37  55 

Lawrence  Scientific  School 20  40 

Little's  Block 38  77 

Massachusetts  Hall   .        .     \ •        .  1  18 

Matthews  Hall 3  22 

Mkdical  School  (New) 62 

Memorial  Hall  and  Sanders  Theatre 22      Frovt. 

Memorial  Dinin(;-Hall  (Interior) 22  41 

Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology       .        .        .        =        .        .       ^        .        .  25  47 

Old  President's  [Wadsworth]  House 5  11 

Peabody  Museum  of  American  Archeology 24  46 

Physical  Laboratoisy  (New) Via  39 


.S  LIST  OF  IL L i 'S TRA  TIONS. 

ALBERTYPES—  Continued. 

NO.  PAGE 

rncsincNT's  IlofsE 32  54 

Sever  Hall 10a  29 

Stoi'outon  Hall 14  34 

TiiATEn  Hall 11  30 

r.MVERSITY    IIaLL 10  28 

Weld  Uall 9  27 

ENGRAVINGS. 

Bishop's  Palace .36  75 

Brattle  HorsE 60  96 

Christ  CnrRcn 42  80 

Daxa  HorsE 33  56 

Elmwood 50  88 

Fayerw-eather  norsE 51  90 

First  Parish  Church 40  78 

Hicks  House 62  97 

HoLDEN  Chapel 1-5  32 

Holmes  House 18  35 

Lee  House 62  91 

Memorial  Hall  Transept 42 

New  City  Building 61  97 

Old  Cambridge  Baptist  Church 35  74 

Old  Mile  Stone 67 

Old  I'resident's  Chair 28 

Protestant  Episcopal  Theological  School  of  Massachusetts  ...  55  94 

Quadrangle  of  Harvard  College      20 

Riedesel  House 53  91 

St.  Paul's  Church 63  98 

Shepard  Memorial  Church  and  Washington  Elm 44,  45  85 

Society  Hall 21  42 

Soldiers'  Monument 43  83 

Thayer  Commons  Hall 18a  36 

Vassal  House 59  95 

Vetekinary  School 65 

Washington's  Head-quabters 54  92 

Watekhouse  House o       ,       .  46  86 

HALF-TITLES. 

Seal  of  Cambridge c.,.,,,67 

Seal  of  Harvard  Umveusity 9 


A  GLANCE  AT  ITS  HISTORY. 


lARVARD  COLLEGE  was  founded  in  1636. 
At  that  time  the  General  Court  of  the  Col- 
ony of  Massachusetts  Bay  voted  to  give  £400 
for  the  endowment  of  a  college,  and  in  the 
following  year  it  was  ordered  that  the  col- 
lege should  be  established  at  "  Newetowne," 
—  the  governor,  deputy-governor,  and  ten 
others  being  appointed  to  take  cliarge  of  the 
enterprise.  It  is  by  no  means  certain  that 
the  appropriation  by  the  government  was  ever 
paid ;  but  it  undoubtedly  gave  both  stimulus 
and  direction  to  private  munificence,  which 
seems  to  have  been  called  forth  in  gifts  insig- 
nificant by  our  standard,  yet  large  as  measured 
by  the  poverty  of  the  infant  settlement.  A 
school  was  opened  under  the  superintendence 
of  Nathaniel  Eaton.  It  does  not  appear  that  he  had  any  assistant,  nor  is 
there  any  evidence  extant  of  his  scholarly  capacity  or  attainments.  The 
students  boarded  in  his  family,  and  seem  to  have  suffered  e(jually  from  his 
parsimony  and  his  tyranny. 

1  The  monument  that  bears  the  name  "  Harvard,''  erected  in  Charlestown,  is  explained  by  the 
inscription  on  the  eastern  side,  which  reads  as  follows  :  "  On  the  26th  day  of  September,  a.  d.  1828, 
this  stone  was  erected  by  the  Graduates  of  the  University  in  Cambridge,  in  honor  of  its  Founder, 
who  died  at  Charlestown,  on  the  26th  day  of  September,  A.  D.  1638."  On  the  western  side  is  a, 
long  Latin  inscription. 


Harvard's  Monument. ^ 


12  HARVARD   UNIVERSITY 


c. 


.In  163S  Rov.  John  Harvard,  a  graduate  of  Cambridge,  England,  died  in 
Charlestown,  leaving  to  the  college  just  coming  into  being  his  entire  library 
and  one  half  of  his  estate.  This  sum,  probably  not  far  from  £700,  exceeded 
the  aggregate  of  all  other  donations,  and  in  grateful  remembrance  of  its 
chief  benefactor  the  college  was  called  by  his  name,  while  its  site  was  renamed 
after  the  seat  of  learning  at  which  he  and  not  a  few  of  his  fellow-immi- 
grants had  been  educated.  Shortly  after  Harvard's  death  Eaton  was  dis- 
missed, and  the  building  that  had  been  commenced  under  his  direction  was 
completed  under  the  supervision  of  a  member  of  the  board  of  control. 

In  1640  Rev.  Henry  Dunster  was  made  president  of  the  college,  which 
from  that  time  onward  may  be  regarded  as  a  literary  institution,  organized  and 
conducted  with  thepurpose  of  meeting  the  reasonable  demands  of  the  age 
and  the  communit}\J 

The  early  presidents  of  the  college  were  men  of  superior  learning  for  their 
time;  the  range  of  studies  was  limited,  the  number  of  students  small  (for  the 
first  fifty  years  seldom  exceeding  twenty),  and,  though  there  may  have  been 
occasional  assistant  teachers,  there  was  no  permanent  professor  or  tutor  till 
the  close  of  the  century.  The  prescribed  course  of  study  comprehended 
some  of  the  best  known  Latin  and  Greek  authors,  more  Hebrew  than  is  now 
learned  at  our  divinity  schools,  logic  and  philosophy  as  then  taught  in  the 
English  universities,  the  mere  elements  of  mathematics,  and,  above  all,  the 
holy  Scriptures  and  Christian  theology  as  understood  by  the  New  England 
churches.  . 

The  first  tutor  was  the  venerable  Henry  Flynt,  appointed  in  1699,  who  re- 
mained in  office  and  resident  within  college  walls  for  fifty-five  years.  The 
first  professor  was  the  elder  Edward  Wigglesworth,  who.  in  1721,  was  ap- 
pointed professor  of  divinity  on  a  foundation  endowed  by  Thomas  HoUis, 
with  the  then  ample  income  of  £40  a  year. 

During  the  greater  portion  of  the  last  century  the  college  was  identified 
with  the  liberal  party  in  church  and  state,  and  could  not  but  bear  a  prom- 
inent part  in  the  movements  preceding  and  accompanying  the  revolution  in 
which  the  country  declared  and  achieved  its  independence.  In  1775  the 
library  and  classes  were  removed  to  Concord,  the  college  halls  giVen  up  to  the 
use  of  the  provincial  army,  and  the  president's  house  offered,  and  for  a  short 
time  occupied,  as  head-quarters  for  the  commander-in-chief;  while  the  presi- 
dent himself — an  ardent  patriot  —  served  as  chaplain  to  the  troops  on  numer- 
ous occasions,  and  notably  on  the  eve  of  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill. 

\ 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS. 


13 


After  the  evacuation  of  Boston  by  the  British  the  college  resumed  its  ses- 
sions in  Cambridge,  and  maintained  for  the  ensuing  thirty  years  or  more  a 
high  but  hardly  growing  reputation  as  a  seat  of  learning.  Its  era  of  active 
and  incessant  progress  may  be  said  to  have  begun  witli  the  presidency  of  Dr. 
Kirkland,  in  1810.  Since  that  period  there  has  been  among  its  professors  a 
spirit  of  literary  and  scientific  energy  and  enterprise,  among  its  students  a 
just  and  high  ambition,  and  in  the  public  a  generosity  corresponding  to  the 
ever-growing  and  always  urgent  needs  of  an  institution  that  aims  to  keep 
abreast  with  the  ripest  thought  and  learning  of  its  time. 

Of  the  large  endowments  which  now  sustain  numerous  professorships  and 
supply  the  means  of  support  for  more  than  one  hundred  students,  and  also  of 
the  funds  invested  in  the  buildings,  library,  observatory,  botanic  garden,  and 
collections  in  various  departments  of  science  and  art,  almost  the  entire  amount 
has  accrued  from  private  liberality.  The  gifts  of  the  colonial  and  provincial 
governments  were  scanty  and  for  specific  and  temporary  uses,  if  we  except 
the  erection  of  several  college  buildings.  The  principal  gift  of  the  State  of 
Massachusetts  was  a  grant  of  $10,000  a  year  for  ten  years,  voted  in  1814.  Of 
this  sum  $25,000  passed  into  the  hands  of  poor  students,  $21,400  were  ap- 
plied to  the  erection  of  a  medical  college  in  Boston,  and  the  residue  was  ex- 
pended in  building  University  Hall,  which  thus  remains  the  chief  enduring 
monument  of  State  generosity. 


The  following  list  gives  the  names  and  terms  of  the  jiresidents  of  the  col- 
leire  from  its  foundation:  — 


,>fTenry  Punster,  1fi40-1fi.54. 

j£harles  Chauncy.  1654-L62X 

J^eonard  Jjoar,  1 6  7 1-\SdA. 
0EI]iM_Qakea,-Jiuii=i684. 

John  Rogers,  1G82-1G84. 
^Increase  Mathcr,J  6 85- IJO 1, 
^Samuel  Willard,  1701-1707. 

John  Leverett,  1707-1724. 
^Benjamin  Wadsworth,  1725-1736. 
.  Edward  Ilolyoke,  1737-1769. 
,  Samuel  Locke,  1770-1773. 


.  Samuel  Langdon,  17  74-1780. 
.  Joseph  Willard,  1781-1804. 
.Samuel  Webber,  1806-1810. 
•  John  Thornton  Kirkland,  1810-1828. 
.  Josiah  Quincy,  1829-1845. 
.  Edward  J^verett,  1846-1849. 
.Jared  Sparks,  1849-1853. 
,  James  Walker,  1853-1860. 
.  Cornelius  Conway  Felton,  1860-1862. 
.  Thomas  Hill,  1862-1,S68. 


In  1869  Charles  William  Eliot  was  elected  president,  and  has  filled  the 
executive  chair  since  that  time. 


14  HARVARD    UXn'ERSITY 

The  lovernmoiit  of  tla-  univt't\-ity  may  bo  briefly  described  as  follows:  Tbe 
loiral  title  of  the  eorporation  is  the  "  President  and  Fellows  of  Harvard  Col- 
le"V."  The  Corporation  [consistinij  of  the  President,  Fellows  (five  in  num- 
ber), ami  Treasurer],  and  the  Board  of  Overseers  (thirty-two  in  number),  are 
the  <;overnin<r  powers  of  the  university,  whieh  comprehends  the  following;  de- 
|)artments  :  Harvard  College,  the  Divinity  School,  the  Law  School,  the  Med- 
ical School,  the  Dental  School,  the  Lawrence  Scientific  School,  the  Museum 
of  Comparative  Zoology,  the  Bussey  Institution  (a  school  of  agriculture), 
tile  College  Librarv,  and  the  Astronomical  Observatory.  The  Peabody  Mu- 
>eum  of  American  ArchaBology  and  Ethnology  is  a  constituent  part  of  the 
univi-rsity;  but  its  relations  to  it  are  affected  by  peculiar  provisions. 

The  preAiilenl  is  purely  an  administrative  officer  and  presides  over  the  cor- 
poration, board  of  overseers,  and  faculties  of  the  various  departments;  the 
trtasurer  has  the  custody  of  the  propi-rty  of  the  university;  the  acivlemlc  coun- 
cil, consisting  of  the  president,  ])rofessors,  and  assistant  professors  of  the  uni- 
versity, recommend  the  candidates  for  the  degrees  of  master  of  arts,  doctor  of 
science,  and  doctor  of  philosophy;  the  faculti/  of  each  department  has  the 
unmediate  charge  of  it;  a  clean  is  appointed  for  each  faculty,  of  which  he  is 
in  fact  vice-president;  the  registrar  is  the  medium  between  the  student  and  the 
college  faculty,  and  keeps  the  records  of  that  faculty  and  of  the  admission, 
attendance,  and  conduct  of  the  students,  superintends  examinations,  prepares 
all  scales  of  seholarship,  and  is  chairman  of  the  parietal  committee;  the  parietal 
committee,  formed  of  the  proctors  and  officers  of  instruction  who  reside  within 
the  college  buildings,  takes  cognizance  of  offenses  by  students  against  good 
order  and  decorum;  the  bursar  is  the  treasurer's  agent  at  Cambridge,  and  re- 
ceives the  bonds  and  collects  the  amounts  due  from  students;  the  curators  of 
the  museums,  the  director  of  the  observatory,  and  the  director  of  the  botanic 
garden  have  charge  of  their  respective  departments;  the  secretary  of  the  board 
of  overseers  keeps  its  records,  etc.,  and  the  secretaries  of  the  various  depart- 
ments are  the  assistants  of  the  deans;  the  proctors  are  the  academical  police 
officers;  the  officers  of  instruction  and  government  include  the  professors,  as- 
sistant professors,  tutors,  instructors,  and  proctors.  There  are  many  other 
officers,  but  these  are  the  most  important. 

The  whole  number  upon  whom  degrees  have  been  conferred  by  Harvard 
L'niversity  down  to  autunui  of  18SG  was  1."j,9(39.  There  have  been  of  the 
college,  lOj'.lUU  graduates;  of  the  law  school,  2,128;  of  the  medical  scliool,  2,8o2; 
and  of  the  divinity  school,  496. 


AND   ITS  SURROUXDIXGS. 


15 


The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  students  in  the  llnive^:^ity,  and   in 
its  several  dejiartnients,  at  five  periods  taken  ten  years  apart:  — 


Year. 

College. 

Divinity 
School. 

Law 

School. 

Medical 
School. 

Scientific 
School. 

Other 
Students. 

Whole 

Vniver- 

sity. 

1846-47    .     . 

272 

31 

i;)2 

159 

17 

611 

1836-57    .     . 

382 

22 

109 

122 

57 

3 

605 

1866-67    .     . 

419 

15 

157 

301 

60 

7 

959 

1876-77    .     . 

821 

23 

187 

22G 

2.1 

84 

1,370 

1886-87    .     . 

1,076 

20 

170 

250 

17 

124 

1,G57 

The  preceding  table  shows  that  the  number  of  students  in  the  whole  uni- 
ver.-ity  rather  more  than  doubled  in  thirty  years.  It  is  interesting  to  observe 
the  increase  in  the  number  of  teachers  within  the  same  period  :  — 

1846-47.            1870-77.  1880-87. 

Professors 19  51  62 

Assistant  Professors          ...          0  21  23 

Lecturers 0                         3  5 

Tutors 4                          7  3 

Instructors 2  30  50 

Assistants 0  12  34 

Whole  number  of  teachers      .         .     —  25  — 124  — 186 

Librarians,  Proctors,  and  other  oflicei-s     10                        24  35 

The  following  extract  and  tabli^  is  taken  from  Charles  F,  Thwing's  article  on 
College  Instruction,  in  '•  Scribner's  Monthly  "  for  September,  1877.  It  will 
be  int'resting  to  observe  the  comparison  of  Harvard  with  the  other  colleges. 

"Though  a  few  elective  or  'exchange'  courses  of  instruction  have  been 
for  years  offered  by  most  colleges,  it  was  not  till  the  accession  of  the  pres- 
ent president  of  Harvard  that  the  system  of  elective  studies  was  introduced. 
Though  introduced  at  Harvard  in  the  face  of  much  opposition,  the  system 
has,  by  its  intellectual  and  moral  advantages,  converted  oj)position  into  stanch 
support.  It  constantly  grows  in  po])ularity  with  both  professors  and  students, 
and  each  year  the  number  of  elective  courses  is  increased  and  their  scoj)e  en 
larged.  At  this  time  (1870-77)  99  elective  courses  are  offered,  jji-oviding  263 
recitations  a  week.  The  liberty  of  choice  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  one  can, 
during  his  course,  take,  as  regular  studies  for  a  degree,  only  34  of  the  263 
hours  of  electives. 


i6 


hakwikd  l wn-ENsiiv 


"The  followini;  table  shows  the  luimlHT  of  hours  of  instriiction  a  week 
<^ivfii  in  the  priiu-ipal  studies  liy  twenty  colleges.  Both  presc-ribed  and  elect- 
ive studies  are  included  in  the  estimate"  (1870-17). 


ClasKics, 
Ancient 

lan- 
guages. 

Mathe- 
matics. 

Modem 

Lan. 
guages. 

Science. 

Philos- 
ophy. 

History. 

Fine 

Arts. 

Total 
each 
week. 

Ainh.rsl    ....     1     21 J 

10  J 

9 

171 

6i 

5 

li 

71! 

Boston  .     . 

1     25 

6 

16 

10 

12 

8 

1 

78 

IV.«v,l..in    . 

21j 

7i 

11 

12J 

8i 

6 

0 

66 

Calif «>nii:i  . 

26 

6 

13 

14 

9 

0 

0 

68 

(.'..rn.ll  .     . 

•i1 

12 

10 

10 

10 

10 

.0 

84 

Dartmouth 

20 

10 

4 

12 

10 

2 

0 

58 

llainilton  . 

22 

11 

2§ 

10 

K) 

4| 

0 

60* 

Harvard     . 

64 

29 

64 

68 

20 

28 

18 

291 

Miilii^ran  . 

28 

12 

15 

32 

9 

8 

0 

104 

Mi.i.iKl.urv 

18 

10 

4 

13 

11 

4 

0 

60 

Xi-w  York 

24 

12 

2 

18 

8 

6 

0 

70 

Xortliwestcru 

22 

7 

15 

V6\ 

7 

4f 

0 

69 

llU-rlin 

24 

12 

10 

13J 

12 

1 

1 

73i 

Princeton  . 

30 

9 

7 

15 

10 

2 

0 

73 

Trinltv 

23 

6^ 

9 

12i 

9 

4 

0 

64 

Vassar  .     . 

in 

8| 

21 

3l| 

10 

2 

17i 

118 

\  crinont    . 

21 

12 

12 

15 

9 

6 

§ 

75| 

^  irtfinia    . 

15 

19 

13 

22 

4 

4 

0 

77 

\N  esJevan 

26 

10 

11 

27 

20 

5 

0 

99 

Yale   '  .     . 

38 

17 

19 

25 

14 

6 

0 

119 

The  preceding  table  shows  that  in  1876-77  the  number  of  hours  of  instruction 
each  week  at  Harvard  greatly  exceeded  that  of  any  other  two  colleges  combined. 
The  average  nundjer  of  hours  each  week  at  the  colleges  mentioned  above  was 
"f^:  at  Harvard  it  was  291.     In  1886  Harvard  has  a  much  greater  lead. 

The  sources  of  supply  of  students  to  Harvard  College  are  not  quite  the 
same  from  year  to  year;  yet  the  proportions  of  the  numbers  of  persons  who 
come  from  public  schools,  endowed  schools,  private  schools,  private  tutors, 
and  colleges  respectively  change  but  slowly.  The  number  of  schools  and  col- 
leges from  which  young  men  actually  entered  Harvard  College  in  1880  was 
sixty-one.  Of  these,  the  following,  arranged  alphabetically,  are  in  the  first 
rank  as  regards  the  number  of  scholars  prepared  for  college :  — 


Adams  Academy,  Quincy.i 
Boston  Latin  School,  Boston. 


Brookline  High  School,  Brookline. 
Cambridge  High  School,  Cambridge. 


'  The  places  named  are  in  Massachui-etts  unless  otherwifc  stated. 


AXD   ITS   SC'A-A'OC'Xn/.VOS. 


n 


Chauncy  Hull  School,  Iki.<toii. 

Concord  Higii  Scliool. 

Frieiuls'  Acailemy.  Xiw  Ikdfoiti. 

Uopkinson,  J.  I'.,  priviite  school,  Boston. 

Kciiclall,  J.,  private  sciiool,  Cambridge. 

Newton  High  Sclii>ol,  Xcwton. 

N'olilf,  G.  W.  C.,  private  school,  Host(»n. 

Phillips  Academy,  Andover. 

Phillips  Exeter  Academy,  Exeter,  X.  \\. 


Koxbuvy  Latin  School,  Hoxbury. 
St.  -Mark's  School,  Southborough. 
St.  Paul's  School,  Concord,  X.  H. 
Salem  High  School,  Salem. 
San    Francisco    Hoys'    High    School, 

Francisco,  Cat. 
Somerville  High  School,  Sonierville. 
Williston  Seminary,  Kastluunpton. 
Worcester  High  School,  Worcester. 


San 


It  is  generally  understootl  th;it  <iooil  ^;c•Ilolars  of  liigh  character  but  slcmltT 
means  are  sekloin  or  never  obliged  to  leave  the  university  for  want  of  nionev. 

To  aid  worthy  students,  124  scholarships  have  been  established,  varving  in 
their  annual  income  from  S40  to  S;{.')0. 

Deserviu'jj  students  can  also  oiitain  ])eciiiii:try  aid  from  varitnis  funds,  such 
as  beneficiary  money,  loan  fund,  fellowships.  in()iut(;rshi|»s,  and  prizes.  (Jen- 
erous  i)ersons  are  constantly  aiidin;^  to  these  funds,  whiih  seem  to  keep  pace 
with  the  <:eueral  advance  of  the  uiuversity.  This  is  evident  from  the  fol- 
lowinii  table,  which  exhibits  the  amounts  paid  to  students  durini;  the  vears 
IsnCf-T)?,  1870-77,  and  lS.«t4-8.5.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  amount  has  consid- 
erably more  thau  doubled  during  I'resident  Eliot's  admiiiistrutiou. 


1876-77. 


College  ScholarBhlpH '    :JilO, 

•'       ISeiiefleiiiry  .Money '         i, 

•'       Ix>aii  Fund .     . 

Divinity  .School  h<chol-iri<hlpH .     . 

"  "       from  (liiirlty  of  Kdward  Hopkins    .     .  !        'J, 

"  "        Heii.-li.iiiry  Money 

"  "       from  lli(!  WilliaiMM  Kuiid  ' 1, 

"  "        .Servleen  of  HludenU*  .     . 

I,nw  .Srhool  SeholiimhipN 

Mwlicul  .-Jihool  .<rli(ilarHlilpH 

Ileii.tliiury  Money 

Lnwreriee  .-Sclentlllc  l^chool  .'^rliiiliirxlilpH      .     .     .     - 

Kellownhlpn 

I'rizeii 


•.00 
^.74 
3.00 

1.00 
■).(H) 
I.IK) 


%% 


«07.i''> 
i;,7ai.(K) 

1,S.>0.(H) 

•j.aio.oo 

;«ii.K4 

l,4.'>u.oo 

4.'>0.<K) 

S(HI,IMI 

OUD.IMI 

4.2i'1.47 


$IH,30-i.74    I    |l41,r>94.4'i 


$2rt,'J4.'i.OO 
l.Kli.OO 
•J  ,(»(>.')  .00 
1,4S8.:U 
U.OTll.lS 
.'i70..'ill 
1 ,0.'«.0(> 

7:».">.Nrt 
niNi.oo 

1  .J'.'O.OO 
I.MI.(II) 

7.'io.oo 

7,400.00 
tlHO.:iH 

$47,n&.3Ji 


*  The  WUllamB  Fund  can  provide  twenty  (tcholaniblits  of  01M  each.    I'art  of  It  Is  uncalled  for. 
2 


i8 


HAK I '.-/ A7>    (  WJVERSITY 


It  is  not  an  unknown  thin.:  lor  a  jti'iiniloss  freshman  to  earn  oft'  the  lii<>;h- 
t'>t  honor<  at  the  en<l  of  his  eonr^e,  after  sustaining  himself  by  the  pecuniary 
ri'wanls  oflereii  to  lii;.:h  scholarship  and  his  earnings  in  other  ways. 

The  <'o>t  of  ethieaiion  at  Harvard  Univer.-ity  has  been  repeatedly  discussed 
in  the  public  prints  within  tlu'  jiast  few  years,  and  is  in  man}-  families  a  mat- 
ter of  serious  eoncern.  Much  of  the  common  talk  upon  the  subject  is  founded 
upon  loose  estimates,  or  upon  mere  guesses  or  boasts.  Tiiistworthy  data  for 
aet'urute  statements  have  recently  been  gathered  from  careful  inquiries  of 
parents,  guardians,  and  reliable  students.  The  smallest  annual  expenditure 
rvjKirted  (including  every  item  of  cost)  was  ^471.  A  few  students  kept  their 
e.xpemliture  within  SoOO;  and  this  can  be  done  without  injury  to  health,  and 
without  suftering  of  any  sort.  The  great  majority  of  students  —  whose  par- 
ents are  neither  rich  nor  poor  —  spent  from  8G50  to  S850  a  year;  this  is  a 
liberal  allowance.     The  upper  limit  of  expenditure  is  of  course  indeterminable. 

The  necessary  items  of  annual  expenditure  upon  four  different  scales,  with 
all  desirable  minuteness  of  specification,  can  be  seen  in  the  following  table. 
The  expenses  of  the  long  vacation  are  not  included. 


Least. 

Economical. 

Moderate. 

Ample. 

Tuition 

SI  50 
20 
8 
70 
30 
10 
140* 
11 
15 
15 

30 

S150 
25 
10 
120 
30 
15 
175t 
15 
20 
15 

40 

S150 

30 

15 

150 

100 

25 

175t 

30 

40 

30 

35 

50 

$150 
35 

Book.s   .... 

Stationen- 

Clothing' 

26 
300 

Room 

175 

Furniture  (aiimial  average)      .     . 
Boanl 

50 

304t 

45 

50 

Futl  and  light 

far  fares 

50 

50 

30 

100 

Societies  and  subscription  to  sports 

(annual  average) 

Servant      ...     

Sundries 

Total   ....... 

$499 

$615 

$830 

$1,365 

•  Tiimilies. 


t  Memorial  Hall. 


X  Private  club. 


A  WALK   THROUGH   HARVARD. 


To  take  a  walk  tliroiiixli  the  irvomids  of  Harvard  Universitv.  tlicrr  is,  proli- 
al>ly,  no  betti-r  place  to  enter  than  at  the  main  j^ate  on  the  west  side  of  tli- 
collejfe  "  yard,"  as  the  grounds,  lyinir  between  Broadway  and  Cainl)rid<jje 
strret  on  the  north,  Qniney  street  on  the  east.  Harvard  street  on  the  south, 
and  Harvard  Square  and  IVabody  Street  on  the  west,  are  familiarly  ealled.  Tlio 
path  from  this  gate  h-ads  into  the  Quadrunyle.  On  the  ri^ht  of  tliis  path,  as 
you  enter  from  the  ijate,  stands  — 

1.  Massachusetts  Hall,  the  oldest  of  the  ooUefrc  buildiii'^'s.  Ixariii'j:  the 
name  of  thr  |)rovin(;e  that  founded  the  eolleu:e  and  built  this  hall.  In  171^>, 
while  ^Ir.  Leverett  was  president,  the  General  ('(unt  (irdend  a  thice-story 
brick  buildiu'j,  lOO  by  50  feet,  to  be  erected  at  the  expense  of  the  province  as 
a  ilormitory  for  students.  For  1.50  years  tliis  building;  was  occupied  for  that 
purpose.  After  tlie  battle  of  Lexington  the  students  were  compelled  to 
vacate  the  premises  in  order  that  the  American  soldiers  mi'iht  be  accom- 
modated, but  in  177(1  tin-  soldiei's  were  withdrawn  and  the  students  ai'ain 
took  possession  of  it. 

Durin'/  Dr.  Kirklanil's  administration  the  building  was  thoroughly  repaired 
and  renovat«'d,  and  a  portion  of  the  lower  floor  assigned  to  society  and  recita- 
tion uses.  Here  the  Institute  met  in  <lebate,  and  the  Natural  History  Society 
held  its  meetings  and  kept  its  colle<'tions.  In  1H70  ISIassacliuselts  Ilall  inider- 
went  an  alteration  in  its  interior  arrangements  :  the  two  ujtper  (loors  were 
rdiangcd  into  ont;  large  room,  whi(di  is  now  used  for  exandmititms,  while  the 
two  lower  floors  were  converted  into  a  single  stoiy,  which  for  sevei.d  years  was 
used  for  ex;iminntions  and  recitations  and  as  the  Harv.inl  reading  room.  In 
tiiis  building  the  (.-lasses  meet,  as  they  have  done  for  several  years,  to  choose 
their  ofTicers  and  transact  other  class  business.  On  the  west  end,  near  the  roof, 
is  a  wooden  "  patch  :  "  many  womler  what  it  is,  not  knowing  that  it  is  tlie  shicdd 
that  for  many  years  held  the  dial  of  a  <-lock  long  since  "  run  out." 

On  the  left  of  the  mud,  parallel  :ind  oppnvji,-  to  M.issachnsetl-  Hall,  is  — 

I'.i 


~     c 

:        _1 

±       O 

—       < 

DC 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  21 

2.  Harvard  Hall,  1765,  which  is  the  second  striicture  of  that  name.  The 
original  building  was  the  first  erected  tor  the  college.  Donations  from  friends 
supplied  the  means  for  erecting  the  first  building,  which,  together  with  5,000 
books  and  the  cabinet  of  apparatus,  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1  764.  As  the 
General  Court  was  holding  its  sessions  in  this  hall  at  that  time,  the  province 
provided  for  the  erection  of  the  building  now  standing,  which  was  planned 
by  Governor  Bernard,  who,  it  is  saiii,  could  repeat  the  whole  of  Shakspere. 
Built  of  brick,  two  stories  liigh,  tlu'  hall  rests  upon  a  foundation  of  Braintree 
stone,  above  which  is  a  layer  of  dressed  red  sandstone,  with  a  belt  of  the  same 
material  between  the  stories.  During  the  Revolution  the  American  army  was 
stationed  liere,  and,  among  the  items  for  damages  sustained,  a  bill  was  rendered 
for  1,000  jiounds  of  lead,  cut  frcim  the  roofs  and  carried  awa}',  probably  to  be 
molde<l  into  bullets.     In  1781)  Washington  was  received  here. 

The  buttery,  an  obsolete  institution,  was  in  Harvard  Hall.  "As  the  com- 
mons rendered  the  college  independent  of  private  boarding-houses,  so  the  but- 
tery removed  all  just  occasion  for  resorting  to  tlie  diffcrcuit  marts  of  luxury, 
intem[)eranee,  and  ruin.  This  was  a  kind  of  supplement  to  the  counnons,  and 
ofYereii  for  sale  to  the  students,  at  a  moderate  ailvance  on  the  cost,  wines, 
liquors,  groceries,  stationery,  and,  in  general,  such  articles  as  it  was  proper 
and  necessaiy  for  them  to  have  occasionally,  and  which  for  the  most  part  were 
not  included  in  the  commons'  fare." 

At  various  times  this  building  has  contained  the  cli;ipcl,  library,  connnons, 
philosophical  apparatus,  and  mineralogical  cabinet,  and  around  its  walls  hung 
the  portraits  belonging  to  the  college.  From  1842  to  1871  Commencement  din- 
ner was  served  here.  The  building  hail  a  clock  which  kept  lime  for  the  stii- 
den's,  l)Ut  that  was  removed  when  the  faculty  arranixcd  to  liave  control  of  the 
clock  1)11  till-  iliurch  opposite.  The  bell  in  the  belfry  has  ])een  used  for  many 
years  to  notify  students  of  their  midtifarious  engagiMnents.  The  first  bell 
was  brought  from  an  Italian  convent.  At  jjresent  the  building  is  made  use  of 
principally  for  recitations,  readings,  and  Icclincs,  ami  contains  a  large  amount 
of  valuaitle  j)hilosophical  ajjparalus. 

On  the  right,  next  beyond  IMassachnscils  Hall  (1),  the  ])uilding  which 
forms  part  of  the  western  bounrjary  of  the  (inadran-lr  is  — 

3.  Matthews  Hall,  tlie  gift  of  Nathan  Matthews  of  Boston.  This  hall, 
erected  in  1872  in  tlie  (iotiii(!  style  of  architect Mrc,  at  a  co-l  of  nearly  S120.- 
000,  is  one  of  the  most  ornamental  and  conveniently  arranged  of  the  college 


22  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

tlurniitorii'S.  A  solid  brick  wall  divides  it  into  two  separate  parts,  each  of 
which  has  entrances  on  both  east  and  west  fronts.  There  are  sixty  suites  of 
rooms,  nearly  all  double,  ineludin<;  study,  two  bedrooms,  and  (lo>ets;  these 
suites  are  naturally  ranked  anion";  tlie  most  desirable. 

The  site  of  ^Matthews  Hall  is  that  of  a  i)rick  building  erected  in  1C66  for  the 
acconnnodation  of  Indian  students  by  the  "  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gos- 
pel ;  "  subsequently  the  old  building  was  turned  over  to  the  college  printing 
press,  and  tliere  it  is  probable  that  tlie  second  edition  of  the  Indian  Bil)le 
was  jirinted. 

To  the  southwest  of  the  quadrangle,  between  ^Matthews  Hall  (3)  ami  the 
street  corner,  stands  — 

4.  Daue  Hall,  now  known  as  the  Old  Law  School,  a  two-story  l)rick  build- 
hi'^.  which  was  erected  in  1832,  and  enlarged  in  1845.  Here  used  to  be  the' 
law  library,  with  its  19,000  volumes,  and  the  lecture-room,  with  its  paintings, 
and  busts  of  men  distinguished  for  legal  ability.  All  these  were  removed  in 
1883  to  the  Xew  Law  School  (see  19  i.  Part  of  Dane  Hall  is  now  occupied 
by  the  Harvard  Cooperative  Society,  —  a  student's  organization  to  secure  low 
prices  for  their  personal  and  college  supplies. 

The  first  Dane  Hall,  which  was  substantially  the  front  part  of  the  present 
building,  was  built  at  a  cost  of  $7,000,  advanced  to  the  college  by  Nathan 
Dane  (class  of  17  78)  of  Beverly,  who  distinguished  himself  as  a  jurist  and 
statesman.  While  in  Congress  he  framed  the  celebrated  "  Ordinance  of  1787," 
by  which  slavery  was  excluded  from  all  territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio 
River. 

Previously  to  1832  the  law  school  (which  was  not  established  until  1817, 
although  a  legacy  had  been  left  for  this  purpose  by  Isaac  Royall  in  17  79) 
was  in  a  small  building  opposite  the  present  one,  on  the  site  of  College  House 
(39).  The  law  school  of  Harvard  was  the  first  established  in  this  country 
in  connection  with  a  collegiate  course  of  instruction.  In  1871  the  whole  build- 
ing was  moved  about  seventy  feet  southward  to  make  room  for  Matthews 
Hall  (3).  and  now  "the  south  foundation  wall  of  Dane  is  the  same  as  the 
north  wall  of  the  old  meeting-house,  so  that  Law  and  Divinity  rest  here  on  a 
common  base." 

On  the  street  line  the  first  building  to  the  left  is  the  — 

5.  Old  President's  House,  often  called  the  Wadsworth  House,  as  its  first 
occupant  was  President  Wadsworth,  in  1726.  It  is  an  old-fashioned  wooden 
structure,  situated  on  the  north  side  of  Harvard  Street. 


•""^©r 


AND   ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  23 

Down  to  the  year  1849  it  was  the  residence  of  the  successive  presidents  of 
the  colIcGfe,  being,  next  to  Massachusetts  Hall  (1),  the  oldest  of  the  college 
buildings ;  it  is  said  to  have  received  within  its  walls  more  noted  persons 
than  any  other  house  in  Cambridge.  Many  historical  incidents  are  connected 
with  it.  Both  AV^ashington  and  Lee  were  quartered  here  for  a  short  time 
in  1775.  At  jiresent  the  main  building  is  occupied  by  college  oOicers  and 
students. 

The  brick  annex  was  formerly  across  the  path  and  connected  with  the  house 
by  a  portico.  Then  the  second  floor  was  the  president's  study,  and  the  first 
floor  was  occupied  by  the  jn-esident's  freshman,  an  oflice  long  since  abolished. 
This  freshman  was  paid  S40  a,  year  and  furnished  with  a  room  for  his  services 
as  errand  boy  to  the  president. 

Of  the  brick  annex,  the  first  floor  contains  the  bursar's  office,  and  the 
second  floor  the  rooms  of  several  students. 

In  the  bursar's  ollice  is  an  antiquated  clock  that  formerly  stood  in  Massa- 
chusetts Hall,  and  regulated  the  time  of  the  regent's  freshman. 

Across  the  south  end  of  the  quadrangle  is  — 

6.  Grays  Hall,  a  live-story  brick  building  with  ]\Iansard  roof  and  granite 
trimmings.  It  was  erected  by  the  corporation,  and  its  name  commemorates 
the  munificence  of  three  liberal  benefactors  of  the  college,  namely,  Francis 
Calley  Gray  (class  of  1809),  who  gave  the  "Gray  collection  of  engravings," 
now  justly  celebrated;  John  Chipman  Gray  (class  of  1811),  who  for  a  series 
of  years  furnished  funds  for  valuable  i)rizes  in  the  mathematical  department  ; 
and  William  Gray  (class  of  1829),  Avho,  in  addition  to  other  gifts,  gave 
S5  000,  a  year  during  five  years,  for  the  purchase  of  books.  The  build- 
ing is  divided  by  two  brick  walls  into  three  sections,  and  contains  fifty-two 
suites  of  single  rooms,  all  being  provided  with  ventilating  flues  and  open  fire- 
places. On  tlie  front  are  three  stone  tablets,  one  of  wliich  rej)resents  the  seal 
of  the  college,  another  the  date  of  the  founding  of  the  college  (1(J3(!),  and 
the  third  the  date  of  tjie  completion  of  the  building  (ISO;}).  On  the  first  floor 
are  the  rooms  of  the  Harvard  Art  Clul)  and  St.  Paul's  Society. 

A  lit  lie  (llll^ide  of  the  ({uadrangle,  to  the  southeast  of  (irays,  stands  — 

7.  Boylston  Hall,  the  chemical  laboratory,  which  was  erected  in  1857  at  a 
cost  of  S50,000,  being  then  only  two  stories  higii.  In  isTl  a  IMansard  roof 
was  added  at  an  additional  cost  of  $20,000.  Of  the  lirst  sum,  $2.5,000  were 
derived  from  an  accumulative  fund  given  at  different  times  for  that  j)urpose 


24  IJAKIAKD    LWIl-EKSITY 

l.y  \\ A\<\  Xioholas  Roylston  of  Boston.  'J'hc  liall  is  built  of  Rockport  granite, 
anil,  bv  way  of  security  against  tire,  all  tlie  partition  walls  are  made  of  brick. 
On  tlie  tirst  floor  tliere  is  a  lecture  room,  cliemical  recitation  room,  and  labo- 
ratories for  quantitative  analysis  and  organic  chemistry  ;  on  tlie  second  floor 
a  cabinet  of  chemical  ajjparatus,  a  chemical  lecture  room,  and  the  museum 
of  mineralogy  ;  and  on  the  third  floor  a  laboiatory  for  qualitative  analysis, 
preparation  rooms,  a  botanical  laboratory,  and  a  part  of  the  mineralogical 
cabinet.  In  the  Mansard  roof  there  is  a  room  for  organic  analysis  and  a 
I>hotographic  laboratory.  All  the  laboratories  and  cabinets  are  replete  with 
the  necessaiy  apparatus  for  the  study  of  both  chemistry  and  mineralogy. 
The  collection  of  minerals,  of  which  a  considerable  portion  was  purchased  at 
Vienna  and  presented  to  the  college  by  Theodore  Lyman  (class  of  1810), 
occupies  a  large  portion  of  the  second  and  third  stories,  and  is  one  of  the 
hanilsomest  of  the  University's  museums.  The  cabinet  of  Von  Liebner,  of 
Innsbruck.  'J'yrol,  is  also  incorporated  with  this  collection.  A  lithological 
collection  will  soon  be  displayed.  A  tablet  on  the  s-outh  side  of  Boylston  Hall 
gives  the  names  of  John  Leverett,  the  two  Professors  Wigglesworth,  and  others, 
who  lived  in  the  homestead  that  formerly  stood  on  this  site. 

To  the  northeast  of  Boylston  Hall  (7),  in  the  college  yard,  lut  outside  of 
the  fniadrauLilc,  is  — 

8.  Gore  Hall,  the  college  library,  a  structure  of  Quinc}'  granite,  erected  in 
1841.  out  of  proceeds  amounting  to  S70.000  from  a  residuary  legacy  made  by 
Christopher  Gore  (class  of  1776),  one  of  the  greatest  benefactors  of  the  col- 
lege. The  1)uilding  is  in  the  Gothic  style  of  architecture  of  the  fourteenth 
century,  and  was  originally  constructed  in  the  form  of  a  Latin  cross;  the  length 
of  the  main  body  being  140  feet,  and  that  of  the  transepts  8^  feet.  It  fronts 
both  north  and  soutli,  with  an  octagonal  tower,  originally  83  feet  high,  at  each 
corner  of  the  main  body  of  the  building.  The  entrance  is  on  the  south  side 
of  the  eastern  extension.  The  gilt  cross  above  this  entrance  is  a  trophy  of  the 
siege  of  Louisbourg  in  1745,  when  it  was  l)rought  away  by  the  Massachusetts 
troops.  At  the  time  of  the  removal  of  the  lil)rary  to  Gore  Hall  it  consisted  of 
hut  41,000  volumes,  and  then  a  building  of  its  dimensions  was  thought  to  be  large 
enouirh  to  hold  all  the  books  that  woidd  accumulate  during  the  present  cent- 
ury; but  subsequent  experience  has  shown  the  necessity  of  more  room,  to  pro- 
vide which  an  extension  of  the  east  transept  was  begun  in  1876  and  com})leted 
in  1877,  at  a  cost  of  $90,000.  This  new  com[)artment,  designed  expressly  as 
a  rejiository  for  books,   differs    materially  in  construction  from   the  orii^inal 


'j^'M-^MM^ 


AND   ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  2$ 

hall,  and,  with  the  exception  of  the  shelves,  is  entii'ely  of  stone,  brick  and  iron. 
The  roof  consists  of  concrete  tiles,  two  feet  square  and  three  inches  ihick, 
placed  upon  iron  rafters  and  covered  with  slates. 

The  new  building  is  considered  fire-proof,  and  heavy  brick  walls  with  iron- 
covered  doors  separate  the  new  and  old  halls.  The  interior  is  diviiled  into  six 
floors,  which,  to<fether  with  the  staircases,  are  made  of  perforated  cast  h-oii. 
Each  floor  is  subdivided  into  fourteen  sections,  with  adjustable  shelves,  the 
topmost  of  which  can  be  reached  from  the  floor.  On  the  south  side  of  the 
second  floor  is  the  librarian's  ofiice,  and  adjoining  are  several  rooms  used  by 
the  assistants.  Two  book  elevators  are  at  diagonally  opposite  corners.  In  a 
jiartof  the  delivery  room  is  a  gallery  in  which  periodicals  are  kept  ;  over  this 
is  a  hall  devoted  to  books  relating  to  ai't,  and  which  also  contains  a  collection 
of  rare  and  curious  manuscripts  and  autographs  in  glass  cases.  Under  the 
delivery  room  is  the  boiler,  inclosed  in  a  vault,  that  furnishes  the  steam  heat 
for  the  building.  The  old  hall  is  to  be  remodelled,  and  when  all  the  changes 
are  effected,  the  building  will  have  a  capacity  of  over  500,000  volumes. 

As  soon  as  the  books  arc  moved  into  this  new  compartment,  the  olil  sys- 
tem of  marking  and  delivering  will  be  discontinued,  and  each  volume  will  be 
marked  with  five  nmnl)ers,  describing  (1)  the  face,  (2)  thi-  floor,  (3)  the  sec- 
tion, (4)  tlu'  shelf,  and  (5)  the  nund)er  of  the  book  on  the  shelf. 

The  privilege  of  consulting  the  books  of  the  lihrary  is  granted  to  every  one, 
whether  connected  with  the  college  or  not.  This  feature  has  made  the  library 
the  resort  of  students  from  various  parts  of  the  country,  and  the  receptacle  of 
many  valuable  collections  of  books  and  anticjuities.  Thoiigli  called  the  Col- 
lege Lil)rary,  it  is  in  eflect  the  library  of  the  university.  Tlie  president,  in 
a  recent  report,  points  out  what  an  important  position  the  lihrary  is  ex])ected 
in  the  future  to  take  in  that  group  of  organizations  which  now  constitutes 
the  university.  While  the  liljrary  may  supply  to  every  department  a  som-ce 
from  which  instruction  may  be  drawn,  it  must  of  itself,  in  any  comprehensive 
system  of  tiMiniiig,  lu'conie  the  centre  of  strong  influences.  The  :iilv:ince(l 
students  in  seienee  and  arts,  who  now  piu'sue  their  studies  with  little  eoneert 
of  action,  will  in  ail  ]>rol):ihility  ultimately  be  brought  together  mnler  llie 
charge  of  a  separate  faculty;  of  the  instruction  given  by  such  a  facidly  the 
library  nmst  be  the  ])rinci])al  centre. 

As  a  means  to  this  cud,  it  is  inlendcil  to  make  the  catalogue  work  of  the 
library,  manuscript  and   printed,  actively  instructive,   so  that  it   may  allure 


26  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

stuiii'iits  to  invostiffation.  Tlio  luillctin  pulilisluMl  (juartorly  now  rontains  con- 
tU'iisotl  troatisos  con('oniiii;ij  the  sources  of  iiit'oriiiatioii  on  the  topics  alluded 
to,  and  critical  notices  of  books;  the  special  aid  of  the  professors  in  the 
several  depart luents  is  enlisted  in  this  work.  The  instructors  are  expected  to 
make  it  the  vehicle  of  whatever  advice  on  books  thcv  would  impart,  whenever 
the  permanence  of  jn-int  might  be  an  advantage.  It  is  intended  also  that  the 
bulletin  shall  be  the  means  of  gradually  getting  into  print  special  bibliogra- 
phies of  those  dei)artments  of  the  library  which  are  peculiarly  strong  and  in- 
teresting, as,  for  instance,  that  of  ballad  literature,  of  which  the  collection  in 
the  library  is  suj)j)osed  to  be  the  best  and  most  extensive  in  existence. 

In  1841,  when  John  Langdon  Sibley  (class  of  182.^)  entered  upon  his  thirty- 
■iix  consecutive  years  of  service,  the  annual  incouie  of  the  librarj'^  was  about 
$2.">0:  now  it  is  about  !?2").OO0.  S50,000  a  year  is  spent  for  books  and  expenses.^ 
In  18S(')  the  libraries  contain  about  ;j2o,000  volumes  and  275,000  pamphlets. 
It  is  the  third  largest  collection  of  books  in  America;  the  Boston  Public  Library 
with  its  eight  branches  standing  first,  and  the  Library  of  Congress  second. 
The  present  collection  is  but  little  over  one  hundred  years  old,  a  fire  having 
destroyed  the  earlier  library  iu  1 7C4.  Its  growth  was  slow,  and  unassisted  by 
fimds  to  any  noteworthy  extent,  until  about  twenty  years  ago,  when  the  Hon. 
William  Gray  (class  of  1829)  began  an  annual  gift  of  $5,000,  and  continued  it 
for  five  years.  This  was  spent  as  it  accrued,  but  the  funded  resources  are  nov 
twenty-one  in  number,  besides  two  not  yet  availnble.  The  most  considerable 
is  a  bequest  of  Charles  Minot,  now  amounting  to  !§60,00U  ;  the  next  tliat  of 
Mrs.  James  W.  Sever,  J^iUjOOO  ;  then  that  of  the  late  Hon.  Charles  Sumner, 
§34,000,  and  the  next  was  left  by  the  late  President  Walker,  $15,000.  Several 
considerable  private  libraries  have  also  been  received, — like  that  of  Henry 
Ware  Wales,  rich  in  Italian  cla.ssics  and  Orientalia  ;  of  Clarke  Gayton  Pick- 
man  ;  of  Charles  Sumner,  rich  in  books  of  curious  history  and  associations,  and 
of  President  Walker.  The  hall  is  open  on  every  week  day,  except  legal  holi- 
days, from  9  A.  M.  to  5  v.  m.,  but  closes  at  2  p.  m.  during  a  recess  or  vacatiou. 
()|)positc.  and  parallel  to  the  west  side  of  Gore  Hall  (8),  is  — 
9.  Weld  Hall,  one  of  the  most  attractive  dormitories,  which  was  built,. 
in  1S72,  by  William  F.  Weld,  in  memory  of  his  brother,  Stephen  Minot  "Weld 
(class  of  1824).  The  building  is  of  brick,  with  belts  of  light  sandstone,  in  the 
Elizabethan  style  of  architecture,  five  stories  high,  and  contains  fifty-four 
suites  of  elegant  rooms.  The  front  is  on  the  west  side,  facing  Matthews- 
'  liu'liidiiig  all  departments  of  the  university  except  tlie  museums. 


■M   M    i    .  »         <•,!•,  4.,etV  Hi 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  27 

Hall  (3),  and  the  main  entrance  is  under  two  wide  archways  that  open  on  a 
large  porch  paved  with  marble  tiles. 

Passing  around  the  northern  end  of  Weld  (9),  into  the  quadrangle  path,  we 
have  on  the  right  — 

10.  University  Hall,  the  first  stone  building  that  was  erected  in  the  col- 
lege yard.  It  occupies  the  central  position  of  the  east  side  of  the  quadrangle, 
and  was  built  in  1815  by  the  corporation,  at  a  cost  of  SG5,000,  ot  which  sum 
about  S.53,000  were  derived  from  a  grant  by  the  State. 

This  is,  and  has  been,  since  its  completion,  the  centre  of  the  college.  At 
lirst  it  contained  the  chapel,  commons,  and  recitation  rooms.  In  the  cen- 
tral portion  of  the  building,  in  the  present  second  and  third  stories,  was  the 
chapel,  where  the  exhibitions  were  held.  Until  1841  Commencement  dinners 
were  served  here.  Disliiiguished  visitors  were  fornudly  entertained  in  this 
building,  and  on  the  steps  of  the  southern  entrance  many  noted  visitoi  s  have 
been  received;  among  whom  were  Presidents  Monroe  (1817)  and  Jackson 
(1833),  Major-general  Worth,  with  the  West  Point  Cadets  (1S21),  and 
Lafayette  (1824).  Annually  the  state  governor,  escorted  by  a  troop  of  horse, 
preceded  by  trumjjeters,  and  accompanied  by  his  staff,  was  welcomed  here. 

Both  interior  and  exterior  have  been  greatly  modified  since  its  erection.  A 
long  portico  that  adorned  the  front  was  removed;  the  chajiel  was  altered 
(1833),  disused  for  public  worship  (l.S,"j8),  and  finally  divided  into  two  floors 
(186  7),  which  were  subdivided  into  recitation  and  lecture  rooms;  the  commons 
discontinued  (1842),  and  the  lower  floor  changed  (1849)  into  recital imi  moms. 
President  Sparks  first  made  use  of  the  building  for  the  oliicc  of  the  pres- 
ident, occupying  a  part  of  the  south  end  of  the  secoiul  floor,  and,  since  that 
time,  I  he  oflice  of  the  successive  presidents  has  remained  here.  The  ollice 
of  ilie  present  executive  is  the  southeast  room,  that  of  the  dean  (he  soullnvest 
room,  while  adjoining  and  conimiuiicating  with  them  are  the  oflices  of  the  sec- 
retary and  registrar.  On  this  floor  the  faculty  of  the  college  proper  assemble 
weekly  to  atteml  to  all  business  relating  to  disei])line  and  instruction  in  the 
college.  The  aearlennc  coiuicil  and  the  parietal  comuiittee  also  meet  i)ere.  In 
the  upper  stury  is  an  examination  room,  while  theoiher  parts  of  tlie  l)uilding 
are  used  for  lecitations.  In  tlie  hall-ways  and  in  front  of  University  Hall  are 
placed  the  bulletin  boards,  which,  in  accordance  with  the  regulations,  must  lie 
closely  scanned  Ijy  the  students.  I'art  of  the  l)asenient  is  used  as  an  ollice  for 
the  superintendent  of  buildings,  and  pari  toi-  the  rooms  of  the  college  printer. 


28 


HA R I  'A RD    C  \\7 1  'ERSITY 


Kxnowz  the  rolios  in  the  prosident's  oflice  is  the  anti«jiie  chair  shown  on 

tliis  page,  which  from  "  time  be- 
yond the  memory  of  man  "  has 
l)een  used  by  the  president  on 
Comiiiencenient  Day  wlien  con- 
ferring degrees;  two  oil  j)aint- 
ings  of  the  college  yard  and 
buildings  in  1821;  an  old-fash- 
ioned clock,  given  by  Sanincl 
AVillard,  who  had  charge  of  the 
college  clocks  for  fifty  years  ; 
a  sideboard,  cut  with  the  ini- 
tials "  J.  E.,  1681,"  that  once 
belonged  to  the  Apostle  John 
Eliot ;  and  an  antiquated  desk, 
the  history  of  which  extends 
so  far  back  that  it  has  been 
lost  to  tlie  present  generation. 
It  was  in  late  years  used  by 
Governor  AYashburn. 

Directly  east  of  University 
Hall  (10),  midway  between  it 
and  Quincy  Street,  is  — 

1  The  round  knohs  on  the  chair  were  turned  by  President  Holyoke  and  attached  to  it  by  his  own 
hands.     The  picture  of  Holyoke  in  Memorial  Hall  represents  him  sitting  in  this  old  chair. 

Colles;e  Words  ami   Customs   tell.s  the  following:    "Before  the  erection  of   Gore  Hall  (8)>   the 
books  of  the  college  were  kept  in  Harvard  Hall.     In  the  same  building,  also,  was  the  philosophy 
chamber,  where  the  chair  usually  stood  for  the  inspection  of  the  curious.     Over  this  domain,  from 
the  year  1793  to  1800,  presided  Samuel  Shapleigh,  the  librarian.     He  was  a  dapper  little  bachelor, 
Tery  active  and  remarkably  attentive  to  the  ladies  who  visited  the  library,  especially  the  younger 
portion  of 'them.     When  ushered  into  the  room  where  stood  the  old  chair,  he  would  watch  them 
with  eager  eyes  :  and  as  soon  as  one,  prompted  by  a  desire  of  being  able  to  .say,  '  I  have  sat  in  the 
president's  chair,'  took  this  seat,  rubbing  his  hands  together,  he  would  exclaim,  in  great  glee,  '  A 
forfeit  I  a  forfeit !  '  and  demand  from  the  fair  occupant  a  kiss,  a  fee  which,  whether  refused  or  not, 
he  seldom  failed  to  obtain." 
Speaking  of  Commencement  Day  exercises,  William  Biglow,  in  1811,  says  :  — 
"  Xow  young  gallants  allure  their  favorite  fair 
To  take  a  seat  in  presidential  chair  ; 
Then  seize  the  long-accustomed  fee,  the  bliss 
Of  the  half-ravislied,  half  free-granted  kiss." 


Old  President's  Chair.i 


I 


AND   ITS  SURROUXDIXGS.  29 

10a.  Sever  Hall,  named  in  honor  of  Mrs.  J.  W.  Sever,  from  wliom  the 
College  received  a  legacy  of  iSlOUjUUO  for  this  purpose.  The  building  is  177 
feet  by  75,  and  50  feet  from  the  ground  to  the  upper  cornice,  the  roof  being 
30  feet  higher.  Each  side  is  relieved  by  tvv'o  round  bays  extending  to  the 
roof,  and  a  bay  above  the  entrance.  The  entrances  are  on  the  east  and  west. 
That  on  the  west,  or  front  side,  is  surmounted  by  a  pediment  of  moulded 
brick,  enclosing  a  handsomely  carved  tympanum  containing  a  panel  inscribed 
"  Sever  Hall  "     The  eastern  differs  but  slightly  from  the  western  entrance. 

The  windows  are  surmounted  by  flat  arches,  and  set  in  moulded  brick 
mullions.  Those  on  the  south  end  of  the  building  are  arranged  in  triplets,  — 
the  middle  one  being  double  the  length  of  the  other  two,  and  extending  to 
the  floor.  This  extension  is  to  furnish  ready  exit  in  case  of  fire.  The  north 
end  lias  but  one  triplet  window,  which  is  immediately  surmounted  by  a  large 
panel  of  carved  brick-work  containing  the  College  arms. 

The  roof  of  the  building  is  broken  by  quadruple  dormer  windows.  Ixith 
being  covered  with  akron  tiles.  The  mullions  on  the  roof-face,  as  well  as 
the  hips  and  ridges,  are  covered  with  terra-cotta.  The  cresting  is  of  an 
elaborate  design,  and  forms  a  fine  capping  piece  to  the  whole  structure. 

On  the  first  floor,  a  broad  hall  with  tiled  floor  extends  through  from  tli<; 
east  entrance,  bisected  by  a  corridor  running  the  entire  length  of  thebuililiiig. 
This  floor  contains  .six  spacious  recitation  rooms  and  six  retiring  loonis  i'or 
the  professors,  supplied  with  open  fire-places  and  suitable  toilet  a}>pliance,s. 
At  the  north  end  of  the  corridor  is  a  large  lecture  hall,  with  semicircular 
rows  of  seats,  accommodating  between  three  and  four  hundred  students.  At 
the  easterly  end  of  the  main  hall  a  staircase,  twctlve  feet  wide,  leads  to  the 
second  floor,  containing  nine  recitation  and  retiiing  rooms  sinular  to  those 
below.  A  broad  corridor  likewise  runs  the  entire  lengtli  of  the  building,  at 
the  .southern  extremity  of  which  an  iron  stairca.se  leads  to  the  attic.  The 
third  floor  resembles  the  first,  except  the  northern  section,  which  contains  two 
large  art-galleries,  one  on  each  side  of  the  corridor,  and  a  lecture  room  seating 
about  three  hundred.  The  attic  consists  of  a  large  hall,  70  feet  in  l(iiL;tli  l>y 
52  in  width,  devoted  to  examinations.  All  the  rooms  arc  tinislicd  witii  a 
.sheathii^  of  ash  four  feet  high,  and  beaded  with  moulded  cap  and  base,  pro- 
ducing a  very  fine  effect.  The  basement  contains  coal-bins,  toilet-rooms,  and 
heating  and  ventilating  appaiatus.     The  architect  is  II.  II.  Kiehardson. 

On  the  north  of  L'uiversily  Hall  (10),  and  neaily  on  a  line  with  it,  is  — 


30 


HAK I  A  RD    UN  J I  -EKSITY 


11.  Thayer  Hall,  eiTctod,  in  1S70,  hy  Nathaniel  Thayer  of  Boston,  at  a 
cost  i>t"  >100.ii(i(t,  ill  nicniory  of  his  father.  Rev.  Nathaniel  Thayer,  1).  D. 
(elass  of  17)S;>),  anil  of  his  brother,  John  Eliot  Thayer.  This  hall,  bnilt  of 
brick,  four  and  five  stories  high,  is  the  lon;j;est  of  any  in  the  yard,  and  is 
divided  into  three  distinct  parts  by  two  soliil  walls.  The  central  division, 
which  rises  one  story  above  the  other  two,  is  entered  from  the  side  facing 
the  (jiiadrangle,  and  the  other  portions  are  entered  at  the  ends  of  the  build- 
ing. There  are  sixty-eight  suites  of  rooms,  with  accommodations  foi  116 
students. 

Directly  behind  Thayer  H;dl  (11),  in  the  college  yard,  is  — 

12.  Appletou  Chapel,  njuned  in  honor  of  Samuel  Appleton,  from  whose 
estate  the  college  received  Sr)0,000  for  the  erection  of  a  chapel.  It  is  built 
of  a  light  sandstone  brought  from  Nova  Scotia,  and  was  dedicated  October  17, 
1858.  During  President  Eliot's  administration  tlie  building  has  been  con- 
siderably improved  and  a  gallery  put  in,  the  expenses  of  which  were  de- 
frayed by  the  heirs  of  Nathan  Appleton  of  Boston.  The  windows  are  of 
richly  stained  glass,  and  bear  the  motto  "  Christo  et  Ecclesife  "  above,  and 
"  Veritas  "  below.  The  whole  interior  is  beautiful  and  pleasing.  By  means 
of  a  signal  wire  the  officiating  minister  is  informed  from  the  chajjel  door 
when  the  services  should  begin.  At  fifteen  minutes  before  nine  o'clock  each 
week-day  morning  many  students  of  the  college  proper  assemble  here  for  devo- 
tional exercises.  On  Sunday  there  is  an  evening  church  service,  conducted  by 
the  five  preachers  to  the  university,  appointed  in  1886  by  the  Coriwration. 
Here,  also,  wedding  and  funeral  ceremonies  are  solemnized.  Among  the  obse- 
quies performed  here  have  been  those  of  General  C.  R.  Lowell  (class  of  1854), 
President  C  C  Felton  (class  of  1827),  Professor  Loviis  Agassiz,  Professor 
Jeffries  Wyman  (class  of  1833),  Governor  Emory  AVashburn,  John  G.  Palfrey, 
and  Henry  W.  Longfellow. 

The  ijuilding  wliich  forms  the  north  end  of  the  quadrangle  is  — 

13.  Holworthy  Hall,  and  bears  the  name  of  Sir  Matthew  Holworthy,  a 
merchant  of  Hackney,  in  ]\Iiddlesex,  England,  who  left  to  the  college,  at  his 
death  in  16  78,  the  sum  of  £  1,000.  the  largest  befjuest  that  had  been  made  to 
the  college.  In  1812  Holworthy  Hall  was  built  from  the  money  received  from 
this  betpiest  and  a  lottery.  It  is  a  ])lain  four-story  brick  structure,  and  would 
retain  its  original  appearance  had  not  the  upper  story  been  raised  a  little. 
There  are  three  distinct  parts,  separated  by  brick  walls,  and  containing  twenty- 


AND   ITS  SrA'MOUA'D/NGS.  3 1 

four  suites  of  double  rooms,  each  suite  extendins;  from  the  front  to  the  rear 
of  the  building.  It  was  the  latest  built  of  the  four  oldest  dormitories  in  the 
yard,  and  for  fifty  years  was  chiefly  reserved  for  members  of  the  senior  class. 
The  rooms  will  always  be  very  desirable,  for  in  addition  to  the  good  reputa- 
tion the  Vjuilding  has  always  maintained,  they  have  a,  southern  exposure  and  a 
charming  prospect  over  the  quadrangle.  The  Prince  of  Wales  and  Duke 
Alexis  were  shown  rooms  of  this  building  as  specimens  of  students'  quarters. 
On  the  steps  of  the  centre  hallway  the  Navy  Club  used  to  form  its  processions- 
and  hold  its  levees.  The  slate  first  used  on  the  roof  of  this  hall  was  about  an 
inch  thick,  and  was,  j)robably,  the  first  quarried  in  this  country  ;  the  War  of 
1812  preventing  the  importation  of  the  slate  that  was  needed. 

Tlie  next  building,  which  forms  at  a  right  angle  with  Holworthy  Hall  (IS)- 
the  northwestern  corner  of  the  quadrangle,  is  — 

14.  Stoughton  Hall.  The  first  hall  of  this  name,  erected  by  William. 
Stoughton  (class  of  IGoO),  in  1700,  at  a  cost  of  £1,000  Massachusetts  cur- 
rency, was  a  small  brick  building  containing  sixteen  rooms,  and  stood  at  a 
right  angle  with  Harvard  Hall  (2)  at  its  southeastern  extremity.  In  1775  the- 
Provincial  Congress  took  possession  of  the  building,  and  then  240  revolution- 
ary soldiers  were  quartered  there,  while  the  "  New  England  Chronicle  and 
Essex  Gazette  "  was  printed  in  one  of  the  rooms.  The  ])resent  Stoughton 
Hall  is  a  four-story  brick  Ijuilding,  in  the  plain  but  substantial  style  char- 
acteristic of  our  New  England  fathers,  and  was  completed  in  1805  at  a  cost 
of  nearly  §24,000,  of  which  sum  $18,600  was  derived  from  a  lottery,  and  the 
remainder  from  the  general  college  fund.  The  interior  has  been  somewhat 
altered,  and  now  contains  thirty-two  rooms.  On  the  closet  door  panels  of 
room  25  there  are  four  oil  paintings,  comprising  an  owl,  a  frog,  a  gull,  and  a 
turtle,  the  work  of  W.  8.  Haseltine  ((.-lass  of  1854),  while  a  student.  About 
1815  there  was,  in  room  .3,  the  reading  rf)om  of  the  college,  and  in  this  build- 
ing the  annual  auctions  of  second-hand  books  were  held  by  the  students,  the 
proceeds  going  to  the  poor  scholars. 

For  about  twenty-five  years  the  Hasty  Pudding  Club  luul  rooms  in  the 
upper  story  of  the  north  divisi(jn  of  this  building. 

Among  the  occupants  of  Stoughton  who  liave  since  distinguished  themselves 
might  be  mentioned,  Alexander  H.  Everett,  Minister  to  Spain  (room  25); 
Judge  Preljle  of  Maine,  Minister  to  the  Hague  (room  15)  ;  Ivlward  Everett 
(room  23);  Josiah  Quincy  (room  3);  the  twin  brothers  Peabody  (room   14)- 


HA  R  J  ".•/  A' I)    r\/ 1  'EKS/  TV 


Cak'l)  Cushiiii:  (room  20);  Horatio  Greenough  (room  2);  C.  C.  Felton  (room 
81);  G.  S.  IlilUml  (room  10);  Ch;nk's  .Siiimicr  (room  12);  G.  T.  Bi^'clow 
(room  27)  ;  Oliver  WeiuloU  Holmes  (room  31)  ;  C.  T.  Brooks  (room  12);  E. 
R.  Hoar  (room  25);  Edwanl  E.  Hale  (room  22). 

Soiitlnvest  of  the  southern  extremity  of  Stoughton  Hall  (14)  is  — 

15.  Holden  Chapel,  one  of  the  oldest  of  the  eollege  buildings.  In  1741 
the  wife  and  daughters  of  Samuel  Holden  — a  member  of  parliament,  governor 
of  the  Bank  of  Englaml,  and  regarded  as  the  head  of  the  English  Dissenters  — 
bestowed  upon  the  col- 
lege £400  to  supply  a 
needed  ehapel.  This  was 
•completed  in  1744,  and 
named  after  the  donors. 

With  the  exception  of 
the  removal  of  a  porch 
that  faced  the  Common, 
and  the  cutting  of  a 
■door  in  what  was  then 
the  rear,  the  chapel  pre- 
.serves  its  original  out- 
■ward  appearance. 

After  twenty-five  years' 
•occupancy  for  chapel 
purposes  it  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  medical  department,  to  Le  usetl  conj<niitly  by  it,  the  professor  of 
chemistry,  and  the  college  carpenter.  About  the  year  1825  a  second  story  was 
inserted,  and  each  of  the  two  floors  divided  into  two  apartments.  On  the  lower 
floor  were  the  ch>^mical  laboratory  and  lecture  room,  and  in  the  upper  floor  an 
anatomical  museum  and  lecture  room  that  was  occasionally  used  by  Dr.  Warren 
in  his  lectures  on  anatomy.  Since  1858  the  partitions  of  each  floor  have  been, 
removed  ;  and  the  upper  floor  was  fitted  up  in  1870  for  the  Everett  Athenaeum. 
Afterwards,  the  upper  floor  was  used  by  the  professors  of  fine  arts  and  elocution, 
and  the  lower  by  the  professor  of  French,  and  at  times  for  examinations.  In 
1880  the  second  floor  was  taken  out  and  the  building  was  assigned  to  the  depart- 
ment of  elocution. 

The  building  south  of  Stoughton  (14),  and  on  a  line  with  it,  is  — 


Holden   Chapel  (15) 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  33 

16.  Hollis  Hall.  This  four-story  brick  dormitory,  containino;  thirty-two 
rooms,  is  the  model  on  whieli  Stouj^hton  Hall  was  built,  and  commemorates  the 
name  of  an  English  family  that  for  a  period  of  more  than  eighty  years  bestoweil 
generous  benefactions  upon  the  college.  The  first  of  the  family  that  became 
a  benefactor  of  the  college  was  Thomas  Hollis,  a  merchant  of  London.  The 
building  was  erected  in  1763,  with  funds,  amounting  to  £3,000,  appropri- 
ated by  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts.  In  17()8  it  was  struck  by  light- 
ning, and  in  1775,  when  the  Provincial  Congress  took  possession  of  the  college 
buildings,  the  students  were  compelled  to  vacate  their  rooms  in  Hollis.  At  an 
early  period  room  8  was  occupied  by  a  genial  fellow  who  is  said  to  have  kept 
his  table  constantly  sjiread  with  eatables  and  drinkables,  to  which  his  friends 
were  heartily  welcome  at  all  times.  This  old  building-  has  been  the  home  of  nu- 
merous college  societies,  and  among  them  were  the  Harvard  Washington  Corj)s; 
the  "Med.  Fac."  (room  13),  one  of  the  most  ingeniously  organized  plots  for 
fun  that  has  been  conceived  of;  and  the  "  Enginas  Societas."  The  cause  of 
the  dissolution  of  the  latter  was  the  drenching  of  room  7,  occupied  by  a  pro- 
fessor, ju.st  after  the  engine  had  returned  from  service  at  a  fire.  In  1792 
the  stately  elm  known  as  "rebellion  tree  "  was  planted  in  the  quadrangle 
in  front  of  the  south  entrance  of  Hollis.  This  tree  derives  its  name  from  the 
fact  that  in  the  earlier  days  turbulent  and  unruly  collegians  were  wont  to 
assendile  around  it  to  give  vent  to  their  indignation  at  s(jine  seemingly  un- 
just regulation. 

Hollis,  as  well  as  its  neighbors,  has  had  catalogued  in  its  rooms  many  dis- 
tinguished men,  and  some  of  these  were:  Edward  Everett  (rooms  20  and  24); 
W.  H.  Prescott  (rooms  6  and  11);  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson  (rooms  5,  15,  and 
20);  Charles  Francis  Adams  (room  15);  Charles  Sumner  (room  17);  Wen- 
dell Phillips  (rooms  18,  IG,  and  11);  H.  D.  Thoreau  (rooms  20,  32,  ;!1,  and 
23);  B.  R.  Curtis  (room  22). 

Passing  out  of  the  gale  at  uhich  tlic  ciillcgc,  yard  was  cnlcrcd,  and  tui'uing 
to  ihc  north,  we  have  the  CoMMOX,  with  the  llag-stalT,  on  the  Ict'l,  ami  on  the 
ri-ht  — 

17.  Class  Day  Tree,  that  stretches  out  its  mighty  limbs  in  the  area  inclosed 
by  Holden  Chapel,  Harvard  and  Hollis  halls.  Ever  since  1 7G0  there  arc 
records  of  class  day  exercises,  with  occasional  omissions.  From  its  inception 
Class  Day  has  been  a  day  of  festivity,  and  recollections  of  it,  no  doubt,  cling 
to  the  participators  throughout  their  lifetime.     The  usual  exercises  of  the 


34  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

present  time,  considerahlv  varied  from  those  of  former  years,  are  familiar  to 
all.  We  intend  merely  to  call  attention  to  the  tree,  sometimes  calleil  Liberty 
Tree,  being  the  name  transferred  from  a  tree  that  once  stood  south  of  Har- 
vard Ilall,  around  which  the  students  clustered  in  17G0  to  oppose  the  tutors, 
who  had  put  restrictions  upon  absences  from  prayers  and  recitations.  From 
1815  the  closing  exercises  of  Class  Day  have  been  held  around  this  tree. 
Lowell  writes  as  follows  :  "  Long  before  five  o'clock  every  inch  of  vantage 
around  whence  even  a  glimpse  at  this  frenzy  of  muscular  sentiment  may  be 
iioped  for  has  been  taken  up.  The  trees  are  garlanded  with  wriggling  boys, 
who  here  apply  the  skill  won  by  long  practice  in  neighboring  orchards  and 
gardens,  while  every  post  becomes  the  pedestal  of  an  unsteady  group.  In  the 
street,  a  huddled  drove  of  carriages  bristle  with  more  luxurious  gazers.  The 
senior  class  are  distintruished  by  the  various  shapes  of  eccentric  ruin  dis- 
played in  their  hats,  as  if  the  wildest  nightmares  of  the  maddest  of  hatters 
had  suddenly  taken  form  and  substance.  First,  the  seniors  whirl  hand  in 
hand  about  the  tree  with  the  energy  of  excitement  gathered  through  the 
day  ;  class  after  class  is  taken  in,  till  all  college  is  swaying  in  the  unwieldy 
ring,  which  at  last  breaks  to  pieces  of  its  own  weight.  Then  comes  the 
frantic  leaping  and  stru<jnrling  for  a  bit  of  the  wreath  of  flowers  that  cir- 
cles the  tree  at  a  fairly  difficult  height.  Here  trained  muscle  tells  ;  but  some- 
times mere  agility  and  lit^htness,  Avhich  know  how  to  climb  on  others'  shoul- 
ders, win  the  richest  trophy.  This  contest  is  perhaps  the  most  striking  single 
analogy  between  the  life  of  college  and  that  of  the  larger  world  Avliich  is  to 
follow  it.  Each  secures  his  memorial  leaf  or  blossom,  many  to  forget  ere 
long  its  special  significance  ;  some,  of  less  changeful  temper  or  less  prosperous 
lives,  to  treasure  it  as  a  link  that  binds  them  inseparably  with  you  h  and 
happy  days." 

At  the  head  of  the  newly  named  Peabody  Street  stood  until  1884  the  — 
18.  Holmes  House,  an  old  gambrel-roofed  house,  situated  between  Kirk- 
land  Street  and  North  Avenue.  It  is  claimed  tliat  more  than  150  years  had 
rolled  by  while  the  building  had  stood  upon  its  foundation,  and  that  within 
its  walls  many  schemes  for  revolutionary  battles  were  formed.  The  first  known 
proprietor  of  the  house  was  .Jabez  Fox,  a  tailor  of  Boston,  from  whom  it 
passed  to  Jonathan  Hastings,  a  farmer.  This  Hastings  is  said  to  liave  orig- 
inated the  word  "Yankee,"  which  he  constantly  used  to  express  excellence. 
A  second  Jonathan  Hastings  (class  of  1730),  for  a  long  time  college  steward, 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS. 


35 


occupied  the  house  when  it  gained  its  paramount  importance.  In  1775  the 
committee  of  safely  were  quartered  here,  where  they  planned  the  organiza- 
tion of  an  army  that  had  been  created  by  the  Provincial  Congress.  In  this 
liouse,  it  is  asserted,  Benedict  Arnold,  as  captain,  reported  with  a  company 
from  Connecticut,  and  jjroposed  to  make  the  attemjjt  on  Ticonderoga.  Here, 
also,  Arnold  was  commissioned  colonel  by  the  committee  of  safety,  and  or- 
dered to  seize  the  stronghol<ls  on  the  lakes.  General  Artemas  Ward  is  enu- 
merated among  the  many  noted   occupants.     The  honor  of  having  furnished 

Washington  with  temporary 
head-quarters  is  also  claimed 
for  it,  and  Drake  says,  "  it 
was,  no  doubt,  in  tliis  house 
that  Washington  penned  his 
first  official  dispatches."  Aft- 
er the  war  came  Eliphalet 
Pearson,  professor  of  Hebrew 
and  Orientid  ianguages. 
Judge  Oliver  Wendell  l)onght 
the  estate,  and  from  him  it 
passed  to  his  son-in-law,  the 
Rev.  Abiel  Holmes,  author  of 
"American  Annals"  and 
father  of  Oliver  Wendell 
Holmes.  From  this  family 
comes  the  name  by  which  the  locality  is  now  known.  In  this  house  the  lines  to 
"Old  Ironsides''  were  written.  The  weakness  of  old  age  of  the  house,  and  the 
strengtli  of  the  youthful  development  of  the  university,  brought  about  the  par- 
tial demolition  and  removal  of  tiie  long-honored  liouse  in  1SS4. 

West  of  Holmes  House  (18),  between  Kirkland  .Street  and  Nortli  Avenue, 
usimI  to  stand  — 

18a. Thayer  Commons  HaH.  In  1864  Nathaniel  Thayer  gave  Si, 000  to 
aid  in  providing  a  place  where  stu(hMits  could  obt.iin  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
wholesome  and  nutritious  food  at  cost.  In  the  follnwing  year  a  part  of  an 
old  railroad  station-house,  that  had  been  bought  l)y  the  college,  was  converted 
into  a  kitchen  an<l  dining  room,  in  charge  of  the  summum  hnnum,  i.  e.,  "  Queen 
<i()0(ly,"  as  the  child'  of  the  l)cdmakeis  is  called  by  students.     'J'lie  front  rtnim 


Holmes   House  (18) 


36  I/ARl'AKD    rX/VERS/TY 

of  the  builtling  acooininodated  fifty  jtorsons,  and  was  suitably  furnished  by 
moans  of  tho  money  jrivon  by  Mr.  Thayer.  In  ISGG  the  rear  rouni  was 
added,  which  alYonk'd  aecomnKxhvtions  for  the  same  number  as  the  front 
room.  Tiien  Mr.  Tha\er,  on  being  informed  of  the  crowded  state  of  the 
oonimons,  determined  that  a  larger  dining  room  should  be  built,  and  there- 
upon raised  87,000  by  subscriptions,  of  which  sum  he  personally  sub.^cribed 
So, 000.  This  addition  was  comiileted  in  1867,  and  at  that  time  the  kitchen 
was  enlarged,  the  cellar  arrangements  increased,  and  new  apparatus  and  ap- 
purtenances purchased.  A  committee  of  the  college  faculty  supervised  the 
commons,  but  the  immediate   control  was   left   to  a  club  formed  by  the   stu- 


Thayer  Commons  Hall  (18a). 


dents,  who  chose  a  steward  and  executive  oflRcers.  In  1874  the  Thayer  Club, 
as  it  was  called,  did  not  have  sufficient  room  to  accommodate  all  applicants, 
and  consequently  a  new  plan  was  suggested  by  which  the  corporation  was  to 
select  the  steward  for  the  commons,  and  provide  room  for  it  in  the  spacious 
dining  hall  of  Memorial  Hall.  This  plan  met  with  general  approbation,  and 
shortly  afterwards  went  into  effect.  It  was  thus  that,  from  the  club  of  fifty 
students  having  commons  in  the  "  railroad  station,"  the  Memorial  Hall  Dining 
Association  has  resulted,  which  embraces  a  membership  of  about  SOO  persons. 
After  the  house  had  been  used  as  a  dwelling  for  some  years  it  was  taken  down. 
On  part  of  the  Holmes  estate  stands  — 


A.\D   ITS  SURROCXDINGS. 


17 


19.  The  New  Law  School  Building,  erected  in  1883,  on  the  site 
where  formerly  stood  the  Tliajer  Commons  Hall.  It  faces  a  little  west  of 
south  toward  Harvard  Square.  This  building,  the  need  for  wliich  had  been 
strongly  felt  in  consequence  of  the  cramped  condit'on  of  the  law  school  in 
Dane  Hall,  Avill  fully  meet  the  needs  of  the  school  for  an  indefinite  time  in 
the  future.  In  the  main  it  is  a  two-story  building  of  scjuare  form,  with  wings 
of  one  story  on  either  side.  The  whole  building  is  about  220  ibet  long, 
90  feet  deep,  and  40  feet  high  to  the  eaves;  the  main  building  being  about 
125  feet  long,  the  wings  on  either  side  bringing  the  total  frontage  to  220  leet. 
This  long  stretch  is  bi-oken  near  the  middle  by  a  semicircular  j)rojccting 
tower,  similar  to  those  on  Sever  Hall.  The  building  is  wholly  of  stone  ;  partly 
of  red  sandstone  and  partly  of  a  light  buff-colored  Ohio  stone,  'i'he  roof  of 
the  building  is  of  blue  slate  with  copper  riders,  and  the  tower  is  copper. 

The  ground  floor  contains  a  large  vestibule,  coat-rooms,  a  students'  reading 
and  assembly  room,  si.x  small  studies  for  professors,  and  three  lecture-rooms.  The 
vestibule  runs  across  the  entire  width  of  the  main  building,  and  communicates 
with  all  the  rooms  on  the  first  floor.  The  students'  assembly-room  is  near  the 
entrance  and  the  coat-rooms.  The  professors'  studies  are  small  and  com])ara- 
tively  low  rooms,  each  one  occu])ying.  only  half  the;  height  of  the  story ;  three 
of  them  being  superj)osed  on  three  others  on  a  level  with  the  ground  fioor 
proper.  Two  of  the  lecture-rooms  occupy  the  wings  of  the  building,  and  are 
42  by  48  feet.  The  third  lecture-room,  72  by  48  feet,  occupies  the  rear  part 
of  the  body  of  the  building,  and  will  seat  about  300  people.'  In  all  three 
lecture-rooms  the  seats  are  arranged  on  inclined  planes  ;  in  the  large  room  the 
incline  is  such  that  the  height  of  the  room  is  increased  from  22  to  28  feet. 
The  windows  in  all  the  lecture-rooms  are  so  arranged  that  the  light  falls  only 
from  the  side,  so  that  neither  lecturer  nor  auditors  need  look  against  the  light. 

On  the  second  floor  of  the  main  building  are  the  library,  with  its  valuable 
collection  of  20,000  law  books,  a  large  reailing  and  study  room  for  students, 
a  study  for  professors,  and  oOices  for  the  dean  and  librarian.  The  wings 
now  have  no  second  story  ;  but  the  foundations  and  walls  have  been  made 
sufficiently  strong  to  support  a  second  story  over  them,  in  case  it  should,  in  the 
future,  become  desirable  to  add  to  the  accommodations  ol"  the  school  in  this 

1  It  in  hoped  to  obviate  the  acoustic  difncultics  which  might  arise  in  po  liirpp  a  i-oniii  hy  p'Tiiiitflnif 
the  beams  to  prnject  in  tlie  reilinKS  and  so  to  t)rcnl<  tlieir  tiutui'.ss,  and  by  cauisin^  tliu  whIIh  to  pri'ji'ct  at 
two  of  tlio  cornurs  wliero  tlic  t-ntrauco  doorn  are  placed. 


«3  HARVARD    UXn'ERSirY 

\\.\\.  The  greater  part  of  tbe  space  on  the  second  floor  will  be  occupied  by 
the  readiup-rooni,  wbicb  is  about  63  by  72  feet,  and  20  feet  high,  lighted  by 
ten  windows.  There  is  ample  room  on  the  walls  for  book  shelves  for  those 
books  to  which  reference  is  constantly  made  by  students.  The  remaining 
books,  forming  the  bulk  of  the  library,  are  stored  in  the  library  proper,  which 
is  arran<red  in  iron  stacks  similar  to  those  in  Gore  Hall.  The  library  will  be 
fire-proof,  being  surrounded  by  brick  walls  on  all  sides.  Its  capacity  is  for 
70,000  volumes ;  for  the  present,  however,  arrangements  were  made  for 
receiving  35,000  volumes. 

Ample  arrangements  have  been  made  for  ventilation  by  means  of  open  fire- 
places, flues,  and  ventilators.  The  building  is  heated  by  steam ;  and  pif)es 
have  been  laid  between  the  Law  School  and  the  Gymnasium,  so  that  in  mild 
weather  the  heat  can  be  supplied  for  both  buildings  from  one  furnace.  The 
total  cost  was  about  SI 35,000,  that  sum  being  generously  provided  by  Edwin 
Austin,  of  Boston,  in  memory  of  his  brother,  the  late  Samuel  Austin,  by  whose 
name  the  hall  is  to  be  known.  The  architect  is  Henry  H.  Richardson,  who 
was  also  architect  of  Sever  Hall.  The  building  is  handsome  in  architecture, 
and  adds  much  to  the  general   attractiveness   of  the   new  college   grounds. 

19a.  The  Nevr  Physical  Laboratory,  recently  completed  at  a  cost  of 
over  $1(H),0W,  on  the  Holmes  estate,  southeast  of  the  Xew  Law  School  building, 
is  one  of  the  most  valuable  of  the  late  acquisitions  of  the  University.  A  special 
fund  was  raised,  chiefly  by  contributions,  including  one  quite  large  gift,  for  the 
running  expenses  of  the  laboratory,  as  well  as  the  cost  of  the  new  building. 
The  chief  donor  was  Thomas  Jefferson  Coolidge,  a  grandson  of  Thomas  Jeffer- 
son, and  the  new  building  is  to  be  known  as  the  Jefferson  Laboratory.  It  is  an 
extensive  four-story  building,  with  a  plain  exterior,  but  the  interior  is  so  fitted 
out  and  furnished  as  to  make  it  the  most  thorough  laboratory  in  this  country. 
It  is  200  feet  long,  50  wide,  with  rough  brick  walls  without  and  within.  Herein 
is  now  the  complete  equipment  of  the  department  of  physics,  with  spacious, 
well-arranged,  and  fully  equipped  laboratories,  ample  cabinets,  and  convenient 
lecture-rooms.  In  the  upper  part  of  the  east  wing  is  the  great  laboratory,  and 
below  is  the  main  lecture-room.  When  Mr.  Coolidge  gave  sll5,000,  in  1881, 
for  the  building,  it  was  on  condition  that  -S75,000  additional  should  be  raised  for 
its  support. 


/ 


/ 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  39 

19b.  The  Gymnasium.  Owing  to  the  recent  increased  interest  mani- 
fested in  athletic  sports,  the  old  Gymnasium  on  the  corner  of  Broadway  and 
Cambridge  Streets  was  found  totally  inadequate  to  the  wants  of  tlie  students, 
and  President  Eliot,  in  his  annual  reports,  repeatedly  recommended  the  erec- 
tion of  a  new  and  more  commodious  building.  In  1878,  Augustus  Ilenien- 
way  of  Boston  (class  of  1875)  generously  offered  to  furnish  the  sum  neces- 
sary for  the  construction  of  a  suitable  building,  and  the  result  is  seen  in  this 
handsome  and  imposing  edifice,  erected  in  1879,  under  the  supervision  of 
the  Boston  architects,  Peabody  and  Stearns,  at  a  cost  of  -^100,000. 

The  building,  which  is  of  brick  with  sandstone  trimming,  covers  an  area 
of  14,000  feet,  and  is  undoubtedly  the  handsomest  and  most  commodious 
structure  of  the  kind  in  the  country.  It  is  provided  with  two  large  entrances. 
The  principal  one,  on  Kirkland  Street,  consists  of  a  .spacious  porch,  a  vestibule 
with  vaulted  brick  ceiling,  and  an  entrance  hall,  from  which  access  is  liad 
to  the  main  hall,  to  the  director's  office,  and  to  the  second  story.  The  other 
entrance,  on  the  west  side  of  the  building,  leads  directly  into  the  main  hall 
through  a  semicircular  vestibule,  which  is  used  as  an  armory.  The  main 
hall  is  52  feet  in  height  beneath  the  ridge,  119  feet  long,  and  varies  from  G3 
to  80  feet  in  width.  It  is  amply  supplied  with  all  the  apparatus  necessary 
for  a  thorough  athletic  training.  A  running  gallery,  18  feet  wide,  passes 
completely  around  the  hall.  East  of  the  main  hall  is  the  dressing  room, 
and  adjoining  this  are  three  bathing  rooms. 

The  .second  .story,  which  is  also  reached  by  a  stairway  from  the  main  hall, 
•contains  a  handsomely  finished  meeting  room  for  the  Harvard  Atliletic 
Association,  a  fencing  room,  two  janitor's  rooms,  and  a  room  18  by  78  feet 
for  hydraulic  rowing  weights,  —  all  .sheathed  in  hard  wood  from  floor  to 
ceiling.  In  the  basement  is  a  large  bowling-room.  83  by  84  feet,  containing 
nine  alleys  ;  a  room  83  by  30  feet,  with  hard-j)acked  gi-avel  floor,  for  base- 
ball practice  ;  and  a  boiler  room.  The  rest  of  the  space  is  occupied  with 
coal-bins,  store-rooms,  water-closets,  etc. 

Besides  those  who  daily  attend  the  Gymnasiiun  for  exercise,  the  nioniluTs  of 
the  baseball  and  football  clubs  and  of  the  crew  practise  tJiere  in  winter;  and 
a  sf)arring,  wrestling,  and  gymnastic  tournament  for  prizes  is  also  held  there 
annually  by  the  Harvard  Athletic  Association,  —  an  as.-ociation  of  students 
^•oiinccted  with  the  university. 

Xc.xt  to  the  Gvmnasiuin  stands  the  — 


40 


HA  R  J  'A  RD    I  Wn  'ERSITY 


20.  Lawrence  Scientific  School,  a  tliree-story  and  basement  brick  build- 
ing, with  a  t\vu-.-it(trv  and  basLMucnt  brick  L,  erected  in  1848,  at  a  cost  of 
S25,000,  which  was  one  half  the  first  donation  of  Abbott  Lawrence  of  Bos- 
ton. It  is  but  the  east  wing  of  the  projected  building.  On  the  first  floor  is  a 
thoroughly  etjuipped  general  physical  laboratory,  and  in  the  L,  a  special  one  for 
lii^ht  and  heat,  and  also  a  cheniical  laboratory.  The  library,  model  room,  and 
recitation  rooms  of  the  engineering  department  occupy  the  second  floor.  The 
third  floor  is  devoted  to  the  departments  of  surveying,  mechanical  and  free- 
hand drawing.  The  growth  of  the  scientific  department  of  the  university 
has  been  so  rapid,  and  developed  from  so  small  a  beginning,  that,  although  it 
embraces  but  a  period  of  thirty  years,  it  would  be  impracticable  in  a  work  of 
this  class  to  trace  the  various  lines  of  its  progress.  When  first  organized  it 
was  the  only  school  of  the  kind  in  this  country  that  was  connected  with  a  col- 
leujiate  course  of  instruction.  On  the  farther  side  of  Holmes  Field  (28),  and 
fronting  on  Jarvis  Street,  is  the  former  — 

21.  Zoological    Hall,    now    Society    Hall.      This    insignificant-looking 

structure,  originally  located 
-'     ■"  just   west  of   the  Lawrence 

Scientific  School  (20),  shows 
how  rapidly  the  scientific 
department  has  developed, 
for,  when  erected  in  1849, 
it  sufficed  to  hold  on  the 
second  floor  Agassiz's  val- 
uable collections,  and  to  ac- 
commodate on  the  first  floor 
the  engineering  branch,  with 
all  its  recitation,  lecture, 
and  drawing  rooms,  besides^ 
containing  all  the  apparatus 
(consisting  solely  of  a  set  of 
surveyor's  instruments).  Afterwards  the  engineering  department  was  re- 
moved, and  for  ten  years  this  building  was  the  nucleus  for  the  material  that 
comprises  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology.  Later  it  was  moved  to 
Divinity  Avenue  and  changed  into  a  dormitory  for  students  connected  with 
the  museum.     In  1876  the  building  was  removed  to  its  present  location  and 


Society   Hall  (21). 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  4 1 

the  interior  adapted  to  the  uses  of  societies.  It  is  now  occupied  bv  the  Hasty 
Pudding  Society,  the  Institute  of  1770,  the  Glee  Club,  and  the  Pierian  So- 
dality. 

Continuinof  eastward  on  Kirkland  Street,  Ave  come  to  the  north  side  of  — 

22.  Memorial  Hall,  which  includes  the  Dining  Hall,  the  Memorial 
Transept,  and  the  Sanders  Theatre. 

For  this  most  magnificent  and  imposing  edifice  the  univt'rsity  is  indebted 
to  the  munificence  of  her  sons.  At  the  close  of  the  late  civil  war  there  was 
a  feeling  among  the  graduates  that  a  memorial  should  be  erected  to  those 
stutlents  and  graduates  of  the  college  who  had  served  in  the  army  or  navy  in 
defense  of  the  Union  and  Constitution  ;  and  when,  on  Commencement  Day 
in  1865,  the  project  was  laid  before  the  association  of  the  alumni,  it  was  sub- 
mitted to  a  committee  of  fifty,  with  full  power  to  act  on  the  subject. 

This  committee,  after  the  designs  of  several  distinguished  architects  had 
been  considered,  voted  that  a  "Memorial  Hall"  be  erected,  and  Messrs. 
Ware  and  Van  Brunt  be  employed  as  architects.  The  i)lan  proposed  b}-  them 
was  approved  as  "  a  suitable  monument  in  commemoration  of  the  sons  of 
Harvard  who  periled  and  laid  down  their  lives  to  j)reserve  us  as  a  nation,  a 
hall  for  the  meetings  of  the  alumni  and  tlieir  festal  entertainments,  and  a 
theatre  or  auditorium  for  the  celebration  of  the  literary  festivals  of  the  college." 

In  short,  the  necessary  sub-committees  were  formed,  and  an  active  canvass 
for  subscriptions  was  begun.  On  the  Gth  of  October,  1870  the  corner-stone 
was  laid  with  befitting  ceremonies,  and  at  Commencement  in  1874  the  Dining 
Hall  and  Memorial  Transept  were  ready  for  occupancy,  but  the  Tlu-atre  w.is 
not  completed  until  the  year  1876.  The  cost  of  the  whole  Imilding  was  about 
S.000,000.  The  extreme  dimensions  of  the  building  are  310  feet,  in  length,  and 
\\h  feet  in  width,  with  the  longer  axis  running  east  and  west.  The  exterior  is 
built  of  brick  with  ornamental  trinmiings  of  Nova  Scotia  buff  sandstone,  and 
one  of  its  main  features  is  the  memorial  tower,  200  feet  high  and  about  ;{.')  feet 
square,  which  rises  over  the  centre  of  the  transept.  The  Imiidiug  is  composed 
of  three  grand  divisions,  the  central  division  or  franse|)t  being  the  Memorial 
Hall  proper,  whieji  forms  a  moiiuiiient:il  \c>i  ibulc  to  tlir  oiiiei-  I  wo  divisions,  — 
tliat  cxtendiu'jj  westward,  the  nave  or  dining  hall;  ami  that  ou  tlie  east  lieing 
the  Sanders  Theatre,  so  called  as  a  tribute  to  the  memory  of  Charles  San<lers, 
a  generous  friend  of  the  college,  whose  bequest  was  turned  into  this  channel. 
The  transept  fronts  contain  the  main  entrances  to  the  building,  each  being  a 


42 


IJA  R  J  'ARD    I  'i\J  J  'E  RSI  TV 


wide  arched  doorway  in  a  carved  stone  screen  containinj;  niches,  and  crowned 
with  an  open  parapet;  over  the  parapet  on  each  front  is  a  large  stone  tracery 
window  filled  with  stained  glass,  while  the  gables  above  bear  dedicatory  in- 
scriptions. As  one  enters 
by  either  doorway,  he  finds 
himself  in  Memorial  Hall 
proper,  which  is  112  feet 
long  and  .>0  feet  wide.  The 
floor  on  which  he  treads  is 
a  marble  pavement,  while 
above  Iiim,  at  a  height  of 
.")8  feet,  is  a  vaulting  of 
lirown  ash.  The  walls  are 
finished  to  the  height  of  18 
feet  with  a  carved  black  wal- 
nut screen  in  the  form  of  an 
arcade  ;  the  arches,  28  in 
number,  contain  each  a  mar- 
ble tablet  surmounted  by  a 
mosaic  or  inlay  of  ni;irble; 
on  these  tablets  are  inscribed 
the  names,  classified  by  col- 
lege departments,  of  the 
graduates  or  students  of  the 
university  who  fell  in  the 
late  civil  war,  with  the 
(late  and  place  of  death  of 
those  who  died  in  battle.  On 
the  right,  at  either  end,  is  a 
staircase  leading  to  the  thea- 
tre, a  building  100  feet  in 
Memorial  Hall  Transept.  diameter.     It  resembles  the 

classic  theatre  in  plan,  the  polygonal  side  containiunr  grades  of  seats  and  galle- 
ries facing  a  broad  recessed  stage.  The  roof  is  of  open  timber,  76  feet  high 
from  the  arena  to  the  apex,  without  columns.  The  seats  accommodate  about 
1,500  persons.     Upon  the  exterior  of  the  theatre,  just  above  the  windows,  are 


AND   ITS  SURKUUNDTNGS. 


43 


strong  sculptured  heads  of  representative  orators,  —  Demosthenes,  Cicero,  St. 
Chrysostom,  Bossuet,  Chatham,  Burke,  and  Webster.  We  leave  the  theatre. 
The  dining  hall,  which  bears  a  general  resemblance  to  the  halls  of  the  Eng- 
lish colleges,  though  surpassing  them  in  size,  is  entered  by  a  door  in  the 
centre  of  the  west  side  of  the  vestibule.  Its  interior  dimensions  are  60  feet 
in  wir'tJi,  164  feet  in  length,  and  80  feet  in  height  to  the  apex  of  the  roof:  and 
at  each  end  is  a  carved  screen  and  gallery.  The  walls  are  faced  with  red 
and  black  brick-work,  with  belts  of  tiles.  A  space  of  22  feet  between  the 
floor  and  side  windows  is  occupied  by  a  wooden  wainscoting,  against  which 
are  placed  the  busts  and  portraits  belonging  to  the  university  (descri|)tive 
cards  can  be  had  in  the  hall).  At  the  west  end  is  a  great  window,  25  l)y  30 
feet,  filled  with  stained  glass,  in  which  are  emblazoned  the  arms  of  the  col- 
lege, of  the  State,  and  of  the  United  States.  Over  a  thousand  persons  can 
be  accommodated  at  the  tables.  The  number  of  students  who  take  their  meals 
in  the  hall  varies  in  different  years  from  450  to  650. 

The  large  basement  is  used  for  the  steward's  and  other  offices,  kitchen, 
boiler  room,  and  other  purposes.  The  gallery  at  the  east  end  of  the  dining 
hall  is  free  to  visitors,  even  at  meal  times.  The  hall  is  oi)en  every  week  day, 
but  in  vacation  only  between  the  hours  of  9  and  12  .\.  m.  and  2  and  4  p.  m. 

A  short  distance  east  of  Memorial  Ilall,  on  tlie  north  side  of  Kirkland 
Street,  is  the  delightful  Divinity  Avenue,  and  ])assing  along  the  lovely  shaded 
walk,  we  soon  reach,  on  the  east  side  — 

23.  Divinity  Hall,  a  ])lnin  two-story  brick  building,  with  a  three-story  brick 
wing  on  each  side,  built,  in  1826,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Society  for  the 
Promotion  of  Theological  Education  in  Harvard  University.  This  society 
had  raised  a  sum  of  nearly  S20, 000,  by  contributions  from  friends  of  the  school, 
for  the  purchase  of  land  and  the  erection  of  a  building.  Besides  thirty-seven 
chambers  for  the  accommoilation  of  students  (each  chamber  being  furnished 
with  a  small  bedroom),  tlie  hall  contains  a  chapel,  a  large  lecture  room,  a 
reading  room,  and  a  library  of  about  1  7,000  volumes.  In  lH7!)-80  a  fund  of 
8110,000  was  raised  by  subscription,  which  has  j)iit  the  divinity  school  on  a 
firm  financial  foundation.     In  18'»'fi  a  new  huililiuir  is  being  creeled. 

Candiiiates  for  the  ministry  have  sought  instruction  at  \\w.  college  ever  sinc( 
its  foundation,  but  it  was  not  until  the  year  1H17  that  a  distinct  d(  partnirnt 
was  established.  In  this  noble  movement  President  Kirkland  is  said  to  have 
been  the  guiding  power.     A  noticeable  characteristic  of  the  divinity  scIkjoI  is 


44  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

that  it  requires  neither  professors  nor  students  to  subscribe  to  aiiy  creed,  and 
h:is  always  aimed  to  promote  Biblical  learning  and  unsectarian  Christian 
doctrine.     The  new  building  almost  opposite  is  the  — 

24.  Peabody  Museum  of  American  Archaeology  and  Ethnology, 
founded,  in  180tJ,  by  George  Peabody  of  London,  whose  total  gift  was 
§150,000,  of  which  !$t)0,000  were  to  be  invested  as  a  building  fund,  and 
§90,000  appropriated  to  the  formation  and  care  of  collections  having  special 
reference  to  American  archaeology  and  ethnology,  and  for  the  foundation  of 
a  professorship.  'J'he  trustees  of  the  fund  at  ouce  secured  temporary  quarters 
for  the  museum  in  Boylston  Hall  (7),  and  obtained  by  gift  and  purchase 
several  valuable  collections,  including  those  of  Mortillet,  Clement,  Claus, 
Rose,  and  Micolucci,  containing  many  thousand  specimens  illustrative  of  the 
pre-historic  times  of  Switzerland,  Italy,  France,  and  Northern  Europe. 
Also  the  famous  Squier  collection  of  Peruvian  crania,  and  the  equally 
important  gift  of  ancient  Mexican  pottery  from  Caleb  Cushing.  The  late 
Jeffries  Wyman,  curator  of  the  museum  until  187J^,  made  extensive  re- 
searches in  the  shell  heaps  of  the  Atlantic  coast,  and  in  many  ways  added 
largely  to  the  museiun.  The  archfeological  and  ethnological  collections  made 
by  the  late  Professor  Agassiz,  and  accumulated  at  the  Zoological  Museum, 
were  given  to  the  Peabody  JNIuseum,  as  were  also  those  belonging  to  the 
Boston  Society  of  Xatural  Histor3%  the  Boston  Athenfeum,  the  ^Massachu- 
setts  Historical  Society,  and  the  Boston  INIarine  Society.  A  valuable  series 
of  ancient  vases  from  Etruria  was  pi-esented  by  Signor  Castellani,  and  many 
thousand  specimens  have  been  received  from  various  other  sources.  Of  the 
later  additions,  mention  should  be  made  of  the  extensive  collection  from 
Peru  presented  by  Alexander  Agassiz,  the  implements  found  in  the  glacial 
drift  in  Xew  Jersey,  given  by  Dr.  C.  C.  Abbott  of  Trenton,  and  a  valuable 
general  collection  from  Clarence  B.  Moore  (class  of  1873). 

Extensive  explorations  have  been  made  in  various  parts  of  America,  par- 
ticularly under  the  direction  of  the  j^resent  curator,  from  which  an  immense 
amount  of  valuable  material  has  been  derived,  forming  large  and  complete 
collections  from  the  ancient  mounds  and  graves  in  Tennessee  and  adjoining 
States,  as  well  as  large  collections  from  Ohio,  KentucW,  Indiana,  California, 
Utah,  Arizona,  Xew  jNIexico,  Mexico,  and  Central  America.  The  additions 
made  during  the  past  four  years,  and  the  authenticity  of  the  material, 
probably  make  the  museum  the  most  important  in  the  country  for  the  study 


AND   ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  45 

of  American  archajology.  In  1876,  the  building  fund  having  reached  several 
thousand  dollars  more  than  the  8100,000  limited  by  Mr.  Puabody,  the  present 
structure  was  begun,  and  was  completed  in  October,  1877,  with  the  exception 
of  its  cases  and  furniture,  at  a  cost  that  has  left  intact  the  whole  of  the  origi- 
nal building  fund.  The  part  now  completed,  which  is  but  the  front  section 
or  one  fifth  of  the  proposed  building,  contains  six  rooms,  30  by  40  feet  inside, 
four  of  which  are  provided  with  galleries.  There  are  also  large  basement 
rooms  11  feet  high.  A  wide  hall  divides  the  building  into  north  and  south 
sides. 

Entering  the  completed  part  of  the  Peabody  Museum,  we  find  in  the  hall- way 
photographs  and  plans  of  buildings  of  archaeological  interest.  The  south  room 
(on  the  left  hand)  is  private,  being  the  office  and  work-room  of  the  curator. 
The  north  room  contains  collections  from  the  mound-builders  of  Arkansas, 
Tennessee,  and  Missouri,  and  cases  with  remains  from  the  cave-dwellers  of 
Kentucky.  Ascending  a  half-flight  of  stairs,  on  the  right,  in  the  gallery  above 
the  north  room,  are  Mexican  and  Central  American  si)ecimens,  and  a  small  but 
excellent  Egyptian  collection.  On  flie  left,  in  the  gallery  above  tiie  curator's 
office,  are  collections  from  the  Swiss  lake-dwellers,  not  yet  opi-n  to  the  public. 
Ascending  the  second  half-flight,  we  find,  in  the  hall-Avay  of  the  second  floor, 
cases  containing  collections  from  the  ancient  and  modern  Pueblos  and  from  the 
cliff-dwellings,  including  a  series  of  models  and  photographs.  In  the  south  room 
of  the  second  floor  are  collections  of  pottery,  implements,  clothing,  and  mum- 
mies from  the  graves  of  Peru  and  Brazil,  as  well  as  objects  from  the  jjresent 
Indians  of  Brazil.  This  room  contains  the  most  interesting  objects  in  the 
muscinn.  In  the  gallery  above  are  collections  from  the  Pacific  Islands,  and  from 
Cliini,  Japan,  India,  Arabia,  and  Africa.  In  the  north  room  on  the  second  floor 
are  cases  containing  teni]H)rarily  arranged  collections  from  the  Indians  of  North 
America.  On  the  third  floor  are  work-rooms,  and  a  valuable  collection  of  crania, 
not  yet  open  to  the  public,  but  available  for  stufly  and  inspection  by  specialists 
The  mu.seum  is  open  to  the  public  from  9  a.m.  till  5  p.m.  every  day  except  Satur- 
day. During  term-time  oicasiimul  lectures,  open  to  the  ])ulilic,  are  givi-n  l)y  the 
cuurator,  F.  W.  Putnam  ;  duc!  notice  of  these  is  given  in  the  University  Calendar. 

Wlicn  completed,  the  Peabody  Museum  will  occupy  the  souliicrn  wing  of 
the  projecterl  museum  buiIdin'_^  described  hereafter,  wliili-  the  northern  wing, 
which  is  the  liuildin.'  mIioiiI  2.'J0  IVet  nortli,  is  occu|)icd  liy  llii 


46  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

25.  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  founded  in  1859,  and  transfi  rred 
to  Harvard  Colli.';j;e  in  187(3.  The  collections  which  Ag;issiz  accumulated  in 
the  little  wooden  Zoological  Hall  (21)  formed  the  nucleus  of  this  institution, 
while  the  bequest  of  §50,000,  made,  in  1858,  by  Francis  C.  Gray  of  Boston, 
established  it  on  a  permanent  basis.  In  1859  the  state  made  a  grant  of  $100,000, 
which  was  followed  by  private  subscriptions  to  the  amount  of  §71,125.  In  1865 
Nathaniel  Thayer  provided  the  funds  for  an  expedition  by  Agassiz,  with  si.x 
assistants,  to  Brazil,  and  through  the  liberality  of  Alexander  McLane,  president 
of  the  Pacific  jSIail  Steamship  Company,  the  party  was  made  to  consist  of 
sixteen  persons. 

In  1872  the  United  States  Coast  Survey  and  private  subscriptions  of  over 
817,000  furnished  the  means  for  what  is  known  as  the  "  Hassler  Expedition," 
from  Boston  to  San  Francisco,  by  way  of  the  Magellan  Straits.  The  expedition, 
which  was  in  charge  of  Agassiz,  resulted  in  an  extensive  addition  to  the 
museum. 

In  1868  the  state  granted  to  the  museum  an  additional  $75,000,  payable  in 
three  annual  instalments,  on  condition  that  a  like  sum  should  be  given  by  in- 
dividuals. Down  to  the  year  1873  about  $500,000  had  been  secured  from  vari- 
ous sources,  including  some  quite  small  contributions.  Since  that  time  the 
principal  sum  that  has  been  received  is  that  known  as  the  "  Agassiz  Memorial 
Fund,"  which  amounted  to  §3 10,673,  and  was  generously  subscribed  to  complete 
the  museum,  as  the  most  fitting  memorial  of  the  great  scientist.  The  collections 
have  been  gathered  by  purchase  and  donation  from  all  parts  of  the  world. 

Of  the  building  —  282  by  65  feet  —  now  erected,  the  east  portion  was  com- 
pleted in  1859,  the  middle  portion  in  1871,  and  the  west  portion  in  1880.  There 
are  two  stories,  each  22^  feet  high,  and  a  basement  and  attic  each  1 1  feet  high. 
The  two  stories  have  galleries,  some  of  which  are  at  present  floored  over,  to  pro- 
vide additional  space.     In  1886  an  entrance  to  the  original  building  was  added. 

On  the  first  floor,  the  so-called  synoptic  room  is  the  only  one  used  for  exhibi- 
tions, and  is  intended  to  show,  by  a  few  well-selected  objects,  the  whole  range 
of  the  animal  kingdom.  All  the  other  rooms  on  this  floor,  with  one  exception, 
are  for  lectures  and  laboratories.  The  excepted  room  is  devoted  to  the  assist- 
ants of  the  museum  in  the  departments  of  mammals,  birds,  and  moUusks. 

The  "-alleries  of  this  stor^'  have  been  floored  over,  except  in  the  synoptic 
room,  and  are  used  for  the  library,  which  contains  15,000  volumes  and  5,000 


\^ 


AXD   ITS  SL'RKOUyDINGS.  4/ 

pamphlets,  and  for  private  work-rooms,  and  offices  of  the  curator,  keeper,  and 
professors  of  zoology,  geology,  and  palajontology ;  two  rooms  of  this  Hoor  are 
used  for  the  collections  of  entomology  and  the  assistants  in  charge  of  them. 

On  the  second  floor  is  a  large  centre  room,  containing  a  systematic  collection 
of  mannnals.  To  the  east  of  it  are  four  rooms,  in  the  first  of  which  are  the 
collections  of  radiates :  the  main  floor  cases  hold  the  corals,  and  the  middle 
cases  fossil  crinoids,  while  in  the  gallery  is  the  collection  of  echinoderms  and 
sponges.  The  hydroid  and  alcyonoid  polyps  are  not  yet  arranged.  The  room 
uorth  of  this  contains  the  systematic  collection  of  birds  on  the  main  floor,  and 
of  reptiles  and  amphibia  in  the  gallery.  In  the  middle  of  the  room  stands  a 
fine  specimen  of  the  extinct  Irish  elk.  The  southeast  room  contains  the  display 
of  mollusks.  The  northeast  room  has  a  collection  of  fishes  on  the  main  floor, 
and  of  Crustacea  in  the  gallery.  The  rooms  west  of  the  large  one  are  to  illustrate 
the  fauna  of  North  and  South  America.  On  the  south  side  is  the  Nurth 
American  room,  having  mammals  and  birds  on  the  main  floor,  and  reptiles, 
fishes,  and  invertebrates  in  the  gallery.  On  the  north  side  is  the  South  Ainei'- 
ican  room,  containing  the  South  American  fauna  on  the  main  floor,  and  the 
Australian  fiiuna  in  the  gallery.  The  room  west  of  the  North  Ameiican  room 
is  intended  for  the  fauna  of  Europe  and  Asia,  and  that  west  of  the  South 
American  room  for  the  fauna  of  Africa. 

The  Mansard  story  contains  the  entomological  department  with  its  work 
rooms,  and  storage  and  work  rooms  to  which  specialists  are  admitted  under  the 
supervision  of  the  museum  assistants.  The  western  ])art  of  the  museum,  which 
will  form  the  northwest  corner  of  the  comjileted  strui-tm-e  as  described  on 
the  ne.\t  page,  is  not  yet  open  to  the  puljlic.  It  will  contain  three  large 
exhibition  rooms,  and  laboratories  for  the  use  of  students  in  geology  and 
pala'ontolfjcry. 

26.  The  Projected  Museum.  It  lias  alreaily  l)ecn  stated  that  ihr  com- 
pleted sections  of  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  and  Teabotly  i\Iuseun» 
of  American  Archaeology  and  Ethnology  are  but  parts  of  one  grand  mu.seum 
that  is  rapitlly  progres-ing.  lielow  we  give  the  ground  plan  of  the  projected 
buildings,  the  main  portion  of  which  will  be  380  by  fi.'j  feet;  the  south  wing, 
20C  by  85  feet;  ami  the  north  wing,  206  by  G.5  feet.  The  entire  structure  will 
have  two  lofty  stories  (with  galleries),  basement,  and  Mansard  roof,  and  will 
be  constructed  fire-i)roof.  The  thickness  of  the  exterior  walls,  which  are 
double,  is  as  follows,  viz  :  ba.sement,  28  inches  ;  first  story,  24  inches  ;  second 


48 


I/AKl'AKD    rX/VEKSITV 


Divmit.v  Avenue. 

■ SM^    FT. 


bLoCK    pUH.  I 

t    Of  M>«t>"«  Of  COMp»rl*Tive       t 

pLiTfo.  3 


Oxford  Street. 


Btorv,  '10  iiichos  ;  and   Mansard    roof,  16    inchos.      All    partition  walls  are  of 

brick,  with  plaster  attached  directly 
to  it.  Ill  the  south  wing  the  floor 
joists  are  six  by  twelve  inches,  five 
feet  apart,  and  floored  over  with 
threo-iiieh  planks,  covered  above  and 
below  with  plaster  one  inch  thick  ;  in 
the  north  wing  some  parts  of  the 
floors  are  upon  iron  beams  arched 
with  brick. 

The  western  part  of  the  Museum, 
parallel  to  Oxford  Street,  Avill,  when 
completed,  be  occupied  by  laborato- 
ries and  exhibition  rooms.  The 
greater  part  of  the  basement  of  this 
Ground  Plan  of  Projected  Museum  (26).  portion  will  be  Occupied  by  an  ex- 

tensive vivarium  and  aquarium.  In  the  vivarium  various  animals  —  frogs,  sala- 
rannders,  guinea-pigs,  fowls,  rabbits,  etc.  —  will  be  kept  for  dissection  and 
embryological  study.  The  aquarium  will  be  kept  stocked  with  the  principal 
fresh-water  and  marine  animals,  for  demonstration  to  students,  and  for  original 
investigation. 

The  estimated  cost  of  the  entire  buildings  is  about  three  quarters  of  a  mill- 
ion dollars.  The  Museum  of  Zoology  and  the  Pealjody  Museum  of  American 
ArchjEology  are  distinct  trusts,  though  both  belong  to  Harvard  University. 
The  management  of  the  Peahody  Museum  is  in  the  hands  of  a  distinct  board 
of  trustees,  although  the  building  and  the  collections  therein  belong  to  the 
"  President  and  Fellows  of  Harvard  College." 
West  of  the  museum  property  is  — 

27.  Jarvis  Field,  a  ])lot  of  ground  reserved  by  the  college  for  athletic  sports, 
but  especially  for  the  University  Base  Ball  Club,  which  has  earned  an  enviable 
record  as  an  amateur  club.     The  following  is  a  sketch  of  its  history  :  ^  — 

No  organization  for  the  practice  of  base  ball  existed  at  Harvard  until  De- 
cember, 18G2,  when  Frank  Wright  and  George  A.  Flago;,  '66,  then  members  of 
the  freshman  class,  organized  a  class  nine.  In  the  spring  of  1863  the  Cam- 
bridge city  government  granted  the  use  of  part  of   the    Common   near  the 

1  Prepared  by  F.  W.  Thayer,  captain  of  the  University  Nine. 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS. 


4-J 


Washiii'^ton  Elm  for  practice  ground,  and  this  was  used  until  the  sjirinj;  of 
1864.  The  first  recorded  match  was  pla3ed  at  Providence,  R.  I.,  June  27, 
18C3,  between  Harvard  'G6  and  Brown  'Gy,  and  resuhed  in  a  victory  for  tiie 
Harvard  freshmen  by  a  score  of  27  to  17. 

In  the  fall  of  1863  the  incoming  freshmen  followed  the  example  of  the  soph- 
omores, and  organized  a  class  nine.  A  hard-earneil  victory  of  '66  over '67 
showed  tlu!  advisability  of  a  union  of  the  best  players  from  the  various  classes, 
and  on  October  12,  1864,  the  University  Club  was  formed.  The  old  ground 
on  the  Common  was  given  up,  and  the  "Delta,"  now  partially  covered  by 
Memorial  Hall,  was  taken  possession  of  by  permission  of  the  college  faculty. 
In  the  sjn'ing  of  186r>  the  University  Nine  was  determined  upon,  and  its  first 
game^was  i)layed  in  June,  with  the  Trimountain  Club  of  Boston,  on  the  Fair 
Grounds  at  the  South  End,  resulting  in  a  victory-  for  the  University,  59  to  32. 
In  September,  1864,  John  A.  Lowell  of  Boston  had  presented  a  silver  ball 
to  the  ball  clubs  of  New  England  as  an  emblem  of  championship.  The 
Lowell  Club  held  it  at  this  time,  and  considered  Harvard  their  only  formida- 
ble rival  to  the  title  of  champion.  July  15,  1865,  the  first  of  the  series  of 
games  between  this  club  and  Harvard  took  ])lace  on  Boston  Common  for  this 
trophy,  and  Avas  won  by  Harvard  scoring  28  to  17.  These  contests  continued 
uiiiil  Jiiiu'  1,  1867,  when  ^he  last  game  for  the  silver  Itall  was  jjlayed  between 
these  two  clubs  at  Med  ford.  It  was  one  of  the  last  '"  free  entrance  "  games, 
and  the  attendance  was  immense.      Harvard  was  successful.     Score,  30  to  28. 

In  186  7  the  nine  changed  its  bases  to  Jarvis  Field,  which  had  been  given  to 
the  college  for  athletic  sports  in  exchange  for  the  Delta.  'The  ground  was  laid 
out  with  the  home  j)hite  aljoiit  two  liundred  feet  from  Oxford  Street,  midway 
between  Everett  and  Jarvis  streets,  the  line  from  home  base  to  second  base 
running  a  little  north  of  west.  A  convenient  house  was  ereiltil  one  hiindrcil 
feet  behind  the  home  base,  where  the  members  of  the  nine  and  cricket  l)Iay- 
ers  kept  their  bats,  balls,  etc.,  besides  having  lockers  for  their  unilorms,  wash- 
bowls, ami  other  conveniences.  Seats  were  built  in  a  semicircle,  beginning 
at  both  ends  of  the  club-house,  and  extending  about  two  hundred  feet  in  the 
direction  of  tliird  and  first  bases. 

The  first  match  game  was  played  on  Jarvis  Field  between  the  old  livals. 
Harvard  and  Lowell,  May  24,  1867.  Five  thousand  persons,  including  man} 
ladies,  were  present.  Dr.  J.  T.  Hams  preseiiteil  the;  Harvanl  nine  with  an 
elegant  gold  and  silver  iiiDiuited  Ijat  at  the  close  of  the  game,  whiih   resulleil 


50  HAKVAKD    UXIVERSITY 

as  follows  :  llarvanl,  .'{2  ;  Lowell,  2(!.  Juno  24,  18(!8,  the  first  inter-eoUegiate 
niateh  took  place  on  Jarvis  Field.  Harvard  and  Princeton  being  the  contest- 
ants. Tlie  game  was  closely  contested,  as  tlie  score  (17  to  IG  in  Harvard's 
favor)  will  testify. 

A  correspondence  with  Yale  had  been  going  on  all  this  spring  (18(58). 
(The  class  nine  of  'G6  had  cliallen'j:ed  Yale  in  18G3,  but  at  that  time  the  latter 
had  not  learned  the  game.)  Finally  it  was  arranged  to  l)lay  in  Worcester  on 
the  morning  of  the  regatta,  July  24,  18G8,  but  it  was  postponed  until  the  fol- 
lowing day  on  account  of  bad  weather.  Harvard  won,  with  a  score  of  25 
to  17. 

In  18GD  the  most  reraarkal)le  victory,  up  to  this  time,  gained  by  Harvard, 
was  from  the  Dartmouth  College  nine,  38  to  0;  also,  a  credital)le  victory  was 
won  from  the  ])rofessional  Athletics  of  Philadelphia.  A  victorious  game  was 
played  with  the  Lowell  Club,  for  the  benefit  of  the  boat  club,  at  the  close  of 
the  season.     Score,  36  to  24. 

The  following  year,  1870,  stands  as  the  most  l)rilliant  in  the  history  of  the 
nine,  and  established  the  reputation  of  Harvard  in  this  branch  of  athletics. 
Under  the  captaincy  of  Archibald  McClure  Bush,  the  nine  played  forty-four 
games,  and  won  thirty-four  of  them.  But  one  game,  was  lost  to  an  amateur 
club,  and  the  victories  included  many  from  professional  nines.  A  trip  made 
through  Xew  York  state,  the  South,  and  West,  during  the  months  of  July  and 
August,  will  account  for  twenty-six  of  these  games,  as  it  would  have  been 
impossible  to  play  so  large  a  number  during  the  college  term. 

The  year  1871  shows  no  such  imposing  list  of  games  and  victories  as  the 
previous  year  did ;  yet  the  nine  retained  its  preeminence  in  amateur  contests, 
and  won  a  noteworthy  victory  from  the  professional  Haymaker  Club,  by  a 
score  of  15  to  8.  A  great  loss  was  sustained  by  the  graduation  of  Bush, 
Wells,  Reynolds,  and  Austin. 

The  following  year,  1872,  the  annual  match  with  Yale  was  superseded  by  a 
series  of  games  —  the  best  two  in  three.  Harvard  won  in  the  first  two  con- 
tests, and  repeated  her  success  in  1873,  making  a  total  of  eight  victories  within 
five  years  for  Harvard  over  Yale  without  a  single  defeat.  The  Boston  pro- 
fessionals lost  their  first  game  with  an  amateur  club  when  they  played  against 
Harvard. 

The  years,  1874  and  1875,  compared  with  previous  ones,  show  poorly.  In  both, 
the  games  with  Yale  were  lost,  and  in  the  former  Princeton  twice  di-feated  the 


AND   TTS  SURROUNDINGS. 


51 


nine.  In  the  year  1874  the  corporal  ion  ordered  the  seats  and  c-liib-house  on 
Jarvis  Field  to  be  taken  down,  as  some  of  the  residents  on  Everett  Street 
looked  upon  tliem  as  eyesores,  and  were  much  annoyed  dui-ing  tlie  summer 
by  the  noisy  games  of  local  nines.  A  law  was  also  passed  forijiddinjj;  the  nine 
to  ])lay  on  Jarvis  Field  with  any  but  college  clubs.  This  naturally  limited  the 
iiundjcr  of  games  in  these  two  years.  Permission  was  obtained  to  put  uj)  the 
seats  for  the  months  of  May  and  June,  provided  tht-y  were  removed  before 
Comuiencement. 

The  years  187G-77  give  us  a  more  favorable  showing.  The  disastrous  defeats 
of  the  two  previous  }  ears  had  certainly  dampened  but  not  entirely  (}uenched 
base  ball  enthusiasm.  In  the  fall  of  1875,  as  soon  as  out-door  practice  was 
given  up,  an  encouraging  number  of  aspirants  for  vacant  positions  began  work 
in  the  gymnasimn.  The  spring  .season  of  187(5  opened  auspiciously  with  the 
strong  pi'ofessional  Lowell  Club,^  and  Harvard  .scored  her  first  victory.  During 
the  season  thirty-three  games  were  played,  and  but  nine  lost.  The  collene 
championship  was  won,  and  the  professional  Boston  Club  a  second  time  de- 
feated. The  midsummer  vacation  was  employed  by  the  college  to  irrade 
Jarvis  Field,  which  was  uneven  and  above  the  level  of  Everett  and  Jarvis 
streets.  But  so  slowly  did  the  work  progress  that  the  nine  was  obliged  to  lav 
out  grounds  and  erect  seats  on  Ilohnes  Field  in  the  icar  of  the  Scieniifie 
School,  where  all  the  practice  and  college  games  of  1877  were  played.  It 
proved  a  cramped  and  decidedly  uneven  substitute,  but  nevertheless  the  nine 
repeated  the  l)rilliant  record  of  the  j)rcvious  year.  The  same  nunil)er  (lliirty- 
three)  of  games  was  played,  and  only  ten  defeats  suffered.  The  most  ex- 
traordinary game  on  record  was  played  with  the  INIanchester  did),  ending 
in  a  tie,  0  to  0,  after  twenty-four  innings  hail_  been  played. 

The  season  of  1878  proved  equally  favorable  for  Harvard.  Out  of  tweiilv- 
nine  gaiucs  Harvard  lost  only  six.  In  the  struggle  for  the  college  champion- 
ship she  defeated  Yale  in  three  games  out  of  five,  tlicreliv  winniu"-  (he 
series.  In  1879  she  again  won  the  ccjUegi;  clianipidnshiii,  but  tiie  general 
result  was  less  satisfactory,  for  out  of  a  total  of  twentv-six  games  Harvard 
lost  thirteen.  In  1880  the  result  of  the  season's  contests  was  still  less  gratifying 
Out  of  twenty-eight  games  played,  seventeen  were  lost  and  only  eleven  won. 
Of  four  games  played  with  Yale,  three  were  lost.  In  1881  the  record  was 
more  favoral)U;  f(jr  Harvard.  Out  of  twenty-three  games  ])layed,  fourteen  were 
won.  But  two  games  weie  played  with  Yale,  one  of  which  was  won  (11  I0  D) 
>  Tills  i.i  a  club  from  I.dwdl,  Mass.  ;   net  llie  (.ri^'lniil  Lowell  ("lull,  of  Uosioii. 


52  JIAK\-AKD    UNn'EKSITY 

and  the  other  lost  (5  to  8).     Of  thirty-four  games  phiyed  so  far  in  the  Univer- 
sity series  between  Harvard  and  Yale,  Harvard  has  won  twenty. 

Across  Jarvis  Street,  south  of  the  Jarvis  Field,  is  the  — 

28.  Holmes  Field,  another  plot  of  ground  used  for  out-door  exercise,  but 
generally  devoted  to  loot  ball.  Therefore  it  is  the  field  of  the  University  Foot 
liall  Association,  which  was  founded  in  1873,  but  took  no  prominent  part  in 
the  college  athletic  sports  until  1874.  The  association  is  chiefly  supported  by 
subscriptions  of  the  students,  and  at  present  is  in  a  flourishing  condition,  while 
interest  in  the  games  appears  to  be  increasing. 

All  the  games  of  the  Foot  Ball  Club  have  been  played  under  the  Rugliy  rules, 
except  the  first  game  in  1874  with  McGill  University.  %vhich  was  played  under 
tlie  Harvard  rules.  The  Foot  Ball  Club  has  well  maintained  the  i-eputation  of 
Harvard  in  athletic  sports.  Since  1874,  when  the  first  game  was  played,  the 
club  has  played  thirty-nine  games  in  all.  Of  these  it  has  won  twenty-five  and 
lost  but  nine  ;  five  games  have  been  drawn.  A  large  number  of  games  have  been 
jvlayed  with  clubs  from  Canada,  some  in  Boston  and  some  in  Canada.  The 
Britannia  Club,  the  clubs  of  Montreal,  Ottawa,  and  McGill  University,  have  been 
frequently  met,  and  have  in  no  case  gained  a  victory  over  Harvard,  thou'^h  in 
some  cases  the  games  have  been  drawn.  With  college  foot  ball  clubs  the  result 
of  the  crames  has  not  always  been  so  fortunate.  With  Yale,  the  game  was  won 
i;i  1875,  drawn  in  1879  ;  in  1877  no  game  was  played  ;  in  other  years  the  games 
have  been  lost  by  Harvard,  though  always  by  very  close  scores.  The  fir.-t  game 
with  Princeton  was  played  in  1877,  and  was  won  handsomely  by  Harvard  ,  in 
the  next  three  years  the  games  were  won  by  Princeton.  In  1881  a  hard-fought 
game  with  Princeton  at  Xew  York  resulted  in  a  draw,  neither  side  scoring  a 
point.  In  the  year  1881  <rames  were  also  played  with  clubs  from  Columbia 
College,  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the  University  of  Michigan,  all 
of  which  were  won. 

Beyond  Holmes  Field,  to  the  west,  is  a  plot  used  by  the  cricket  club.  The 
groimd  surrounding  Plolmes  Field  is  divided  into  tennis-courts. 

Xow,  returning  to  the  east  side  of  Memorial  Hall,  and  passing  along  Quincy 
Street,  we  reach  — 

29.  The  Old  Gymnasium,  an  octagonal  brick  building,  74  feet  in  diameter 
and  40  feet  high.  It  was  completed  in  1860  at  a  cost  of  about  S9,500,  includ- 
ing apparatus,  —  §8,000  of  this  sum  having  been  given  by  a  graduate  who 
declined  to  make  known  his  name.  The  building  has  since  been  used  as  a  store- 
room by  the  Harvard  Cooperative  Society,  and  also  by  the  college  carpenter. 


< 

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AND   ITS  SURROUXDIXGS.  5J 

It  is  thought  best  to  mention  ht-rr  — 

30.  The  Boat  House,  since  it  is  so  closely  allied  in  its  objects  with  the 
Gymnasiiuii,  vet  sepiirated  from  it  in  location.  The  bonse  itself  is  of  interest 
cbiefly  from  the  fact  that  it  is  the  head-quarters  of  the  University  Boat  Club, 
whose  history  ^  is  as  follows:  — 

In  the  fall  of  1844  thirteen  members  of  the  junior  class  bou'^ht,  for  $85.  the 
"Oneida,"  an  eight-oared  barge,  thirty-seven  feet  long  (the  winning  boat  in  a 
mechanics'  regatta  at  Chelsea),  and  organized  the  "  Oneida  Hoat  Club  "  A 
few  weeks  later,  some  seniors  in  like  manner  organized  the  "  Iris  Boat  Club." 
The  Oneida  was  kept  in  a  shed  just  across  the  Brighton  bridge  ;  the  Iris  was 
moored  in  the  stream.  The  two  clubs  adopted  fancy  uniforms,  and  built 
dressing  rooms  on  the  wharf.  A  race  soon  took  place,  the  course  being  from 
a  little  below  Brighton,  down  through  the  bridge,  and  the  Oneida  won.  In 
the  spring  of  1846  the;  clubs,  then  three  in  number,  built  a  boat  house  a  little 
below  the  college  coal  wharf.      Such  was  the  beginning  of  boating  at  Harvard. 

In  those  days  there  were  no  inter-collegiate  races,  witli  the  consequent  neces- 
sity of  training  hard  for  the  honor  of  the  college  ;  and  rowing  was  engaged  in 
for  fun,  pure  and  simple.  All  sorts  of  excursions  were  made.  At  one  time 
the  Oneidas  visited  Hull,  and  took  young  ladies  out  in  the  boat  ;  at  another 
thev  were  entei-tained  by  the  midshipmen  on  board  the  frigate  Cumberland, 
in  Boston  IIari)or  ;  and  once  they  received  the  Boston  clubs  at  the  boat 
house,  which  was  decorated  for  the  convivial  occasion. 

In  1852  a  challenge  was  received  from.  Yale.  Harvard  had  no  crew  and 
but  one  boat,  the  OiK-ida,  then  ten  years  old.  Eight  men  were  hastily  selected, 
who  rowed  together  only  three  or  four  times,  for  fear  of  blistering  their  hands. 
The  race  took  place  on  Lake  Winnipiseogee,  August  3,  and  tin-  Oneida  won, 
receiving  as  a  prize  the  black  walnut  oars  now  kept  among  tin;  trophies  of  tiie 
dill).  Anotlicr  race  was  rdwcil  under  similar  circumstances,  and  with  ;i 
like  result,  at  SpriiiMlirld,  duly  •-'!.  \>>')b.  The  Oneida  was  kept  till  l.s.")(;,  ;iiul 
then  soM  to  Dart  ukjuiIi.  Soon  al'icr  she  was  washed  t)vcr  a  ilaiii  and  lost, 
at  the  ad\anced  age  of  lifteen  years. 

In  18.0.5  the  clul>s,  then  five  in   nuuihcr,  ix'solved   to  have  a  l)oat  liiiilt    solely 

for  sp(!ed.     Subscriptions  from  graduates  were  solicited,  and  in  18.">(i  the  boat 

was  ol)tained,  —  an  eight-oared  lap-streak,  fifty-one  feet  long,  no  rudder,  with 

ontrigger.s,  and  decked  at  each  end  with  canvas.    To  receive  the  "  Harvard," 

>  Furnixbcd  by  Ocorgc  L.  ('hciie.v,  Hucrctary  of  the  11.  U.  B.  C. 


54  HARW-iRD    UNIVI'.RSJTY 

as  she  was  called,  a  university  boat  house  was  hiiih  a  siiort  distance  below 
the  former  one. 

The  first  six-oared  shell  in  America  was  hnilt  for  Harvard  in  1S,")7  by  James 
Maekay,  at  St.  John.  She  was  40  feet  lonp;  and  "26  inches  wide,  made  of  white 
pine,  weijjhed  150  pounds,  and  cost  S200.  With  this  shell  spoon  oars  Avere  in- 
troduced;  and  her  crew  was  the  first  to  train  with  any  re<iularity.  She  was  in 
ten  races,  in  ei'j.ht  of  which  she  won  the  first  prize,  and  in  the  other  two.  the 
■second.  When  l)roken  up,  in  18G5.  her  fragments  were  eagerly  sought  by 
relic-hunters. 

In  1858  Harvard  invited  the  other  colleges  to  institute  an  annual  inter-col- 
iegiate  regatta.  These  regattas,  with  a  break  of  three  years  during  the  war,  and 
Avith  the  changes  in  plan  noted  below,  have  extended  from  185D  to  the  present 
year  (1878).  Down  to  1870,  however,  Harvard  rowed  many  more  races 
with  various  outside  clul)s  than  with  other  colleges.  A  sophomore  race  between 
Yale  and  Harvard  was  rowed  in  1SG4;  and  since  then  there  have  been  frequent 
sophomore,  freshmen,  or  scientific  school  races  in  connection  with  those  of 
the  university.  The  "  Harvard  College  Regatta,"  later  known  as  the  '-Class 
Races,"  was  instituted  in  18G5  ;  in  this,  all  college  crews  except  the  University 
■were  to  row  annually  for  the  Beacon  cup,  presented  by  the  soidiomore  crew 
■of  the  class  of  '66,  who  had  won  it  in  the  Beacon  Regatta  of  1864. 

In  1865-66,  as  the  honorable  emoluments  of  rowing  were  now  much  in- 
<?rcase(],  the  duties  were  made  proportionally  heavy.  A  regular  system  of 
training  was  adopted.  During  the  winter  the  crew  took  long  runs  in  the 
open  air  and  long  pulls  in  the  gymnasium.  A  liberal  and  hearty  diet  was 
prescribed  for  the  whole  year.  English  rowing  manuals  Avere  carefully  studied, 
and  the  style  of  stroke  changed  accordingly.  The  result  of  this  system  was 
that  for  five  years  (1866-70)  Harvard  carried  off  the  university  pi-izes  at  the 
inter-collegiate  regattas.  In  1869  a  four,  with  coxswain,  was  sent  to  England. 
They  met  Oxford,  August  27,  on  the  Tliames,  and  in  a  race  from  Putney  to 
Mortlake  were  beaten  by  six  seconds. 

The  Harvard  University  Boat  Club  was  formed  in  1869;  one  year  later  the 
present  constitution  was  adopted.  The  ohl  boat  houses  Avere  then  so  dilap- 
idated that  durin'i  the  Avinter  the  shell  was  stored  in  the  cellar  of  Appleton 
Chapel;  so  a  new  house  was  built  (the  middle  one  in  the  picture),  and  ojjened 
in  the  spring  of  1870.  The  vague  system  of  inter-collegiate  races  Avas  given  a 
<lefinite  form  by  a  meeting  of  delegates  at   Springfield  in  April,  1871,  who 


•;    'V-  /\  ♦  -\  vs- 


li        I 

f       I 


Kmmem 


AND   ITS  SURKOUXDINGS.  55 

formed  the  "  Rowinir  Association  of  American  Colleges."  For  a  few  years  a 
larger  number  of  colleges  entered  the  races,  the  highest  number,  thirteen, 
being  reached  in  1875.  , 

The  "  Club  S\'stem,"  designed  to  supersede  the  Class  Races,  was  started 
in  1874,  to  render  Iwating,  at  a  moderate  price,  accessible  to  all.  To  the  Har- 
vard University  Boat  Club  were  joined  four  sub-clubs,  open  to  all  members  of 
the  principal  club,  and  to  each  sub-club  was  assigned  a  jirecinct  in  which  its 
members  must  reside.  A  new  house  (the  one  on  the  left  in  the  pictm-e)  was 
built,  and  Blakey,  the  boat-l)uilder,  undertook  to  provide  boats  and  oars,  and 
keep  everything  in  ri'pair.  As  this  system  has  not  proved  a  ])erfect  success,  the 
clubs  are  to  be  connected  more  closely  with  the  Harvard  University  Boat  Club, 
whereby  they  will  obtain  an  increase  of  facilities  with  a  decrease  of  expenses. 

An  eight-oared,  four-mile  race  was  rowed  in  1876,  between  Harvard  and 
Yale,  which  Yale  won.  In  the  same  year  Harvard  rowed  her  last  race  in  the 
Association,  which  has  since  collapsed.  In  187  7  Harvard  won  eight-oared 
races  from  l)oth  Columbia  and  Yale;  in  1878  and  1879  she  was  again  victorious 
in  the  eight-oared  race  with  Yale.  In  1880  and  1881  the  race  was  lost  by 
Harvard,  —  in  1880  by  a  long  distance,  and  in  1881  very  narrowly.  New  Lon- 
don, Conn.,  will  probably  be  permanently  the  place  where  the  race  will  be 
rowed.  Harvard  has  taken  part  in  twenty-seven  races  in  which  she  met  uni- 
versity crews,  and  has  taken  the  first  prize  in  thirteen  of  these.  She  has  met 
Yale  twenty-three  times,  and  defeated  her  fifteen  times. 

The  system  of  training  is  now  more  perfect  than  ever  lu'fore.  The  crew 
practise  on  the  river  throngli  the  whole  college  year,  except  from  the  last  of 
Novend)er  to  the  first  of  March  ;  and  during  ihe  winter  months  they  row  daily 
on  hydraulic  machines  antl  run  several  miles.  They  are  constantly  coached  by 
their  captain  or  some  famous  Harvard  oarsnuin  —  professional  tiainers  have 
never  been  employed.  The  crew's  diet  is  plain  but  liberal,  and  lor.!  lew  numllis 
before  the  race  they  have  regular  training  fare.  The  annual  I'xpcusis  of  llu- 
club  are  about  !S2,500,  most  of  which  goes  for  the  crew.  The  mcniy  is  rained 
by  subscription  among  the  undergraduates;  occasional  gifts,  howi  vcr,  are  n;- 
ceived  from  graduates.  The  boat-house  was  repaired  and  (ilted  up  liy  thi'  col- 
lege in  IS'f;.  Ill  the  np])er  story  ai'e  lockers,  a  brilh-room,  ami  a  ^itting-room  ; 
in  the  lower  story  the  ixjats  are  kept.  The  ])iclure  of"  the  houses  was  taken  in 
the  winter,  when  the  (loals  ami  bri<lges  were  not  ddwn.  The  building  dm  (he 
ri.dit  is  lilakey's  boat- shop. 


so 


IJA  R I  A  RD    i  'A  1 1  -ERSI  7> 


A  sliort  (listnnco  i-nst  of  I\ronK>rinl  Hull,  i>n  Cambridfre  Stroct,  is  — 

31.  fFelton  Building.  Contimiino;  southward  on  Qiiincy  Street,  soveral 
rcsiiii'iu-fs  (nciijiii'd  \i\  tlio  professors  are  passed  on  the  riijht,  and  at  No.  17 
Quiiu'v  Street  we  reacli  the  — 

32.  President" s  House,  a  neat  two-story  and  Mansard  roof  brick  dwelling 
situated  on  an  elevated  position  in  the  college  yard,  a  short  distance  east 
of  (lore  Hall  (8).  The  money  which  paid  for  it  was  the  gift  of  Peter  C. 
Brooks,  who,  in  1846,  gave  SI 0,000  for  this  purpose.  This  sum  accumulated 
until  1860,  when  it  was  more  than  doubled.  Over  the  entrance  is  the  college 
seal.  The  first  occupant  was  President  Felton,  from  wliom  it  passed  to 
President  Hill.  At  present  it  is  occupied  by  President  Eliot,  who  has  resided 
there  since  1869. 

The  next  house  beyond,  on  tlie  same  side  of  Quincy  Street,  at  the  cornei 
of  Harvard  Street,  is  the  — 

33.  Dana  House,  so  called  because  it  was  built,  in  1823,  by  the  family  of 

Chief  Justice  Dana,  and  occupied 
by  them  until  1832.  The,  house 
differs  chiefiy  from  its  original  ap- 
pearance in  having  a  cupola,  whicli, 
together  with  a  revolving  dome, 
was  placed  upon  the  roof  for  the 
accommodation  of  a  reflecting  tel- 
escope. The  cupola  was  added  in 
1839,  and  was  the  initial  step  to- 
wards an  observatory  at  Harvard. 
(For  the  present  Observatory  see 
49.)  The  house  was  occupied  for 
several  years  by  the  late  Prof.  Fel- 
ton,   and    afterwards   by  the   Rev. 

F.  D.  Huntington.  For  more  than 
twenty  years  it  has  been  the  residence  of  Rev.  A.  P.  Peabody,  D.  D.,  emeritus 
preacher  to  the  university 

On  the  diagonally  opposite  corner  is  — 

34.  tBeck  Hall:  and  next  this  hall,  on  the  east,  is  the  — 

35  fOld  Cambridge  Baptist  Church.  Turning  to  the  right  into  Har 
vard  Street,  on  the  south  side,  opposite  Gore  Hall  (8),  we  pass  the  — 


Dana  House  (33). 


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AXD   ITS  SC^RROiWD/A'GS.  $7 

36.  f  Bishop's  Palace.     A  short  distance  beyond,  :U  the  next  corner,  are  — 
36a.  t  Hilton  Dormitories.    Still  fartlier  west,  at  Holyoke  Street,  is  — 

37.  Holyoke  House,  erected,  in  1871,  by  the  corporation,  at  a  cost  of 
$120,000,  as  an  investment.  It  is  five  stories  high,  inchiding  the  Mansard 
roof,  is  nearly  100  feet  square,  and  is  built  of  brick  with  freestone  trimmings 
in  the  Romanesque  style.  Upon  the  ground  floor  there  are  four  connnodions 
shops,  three  recitation  rooms,  and  three  suites  of  apartments.  Tlie  building 
contains  forty-seven  elegant  suites  of  rooms  that  comprise  a  study,  two  bed- 
rooms, bath  room,  and  clothes  closets.  These  are  among  the  choicest  rooms 
in  the  college  dormitories.  The  corridors  are  heated  by  steam  apparatus, 
while  the  rooms  are  provided  with  grates  and  marble  mantles.  The  hallway 
is  lighted  by  a  raised  .skylight  in  the  centre  of  the  building,  and  the  stairway 
is  broad  and  easy  to  ascend.  In  addition  to  the  two  stairways, —  one  lead- 
ing from  the  entrance  on  Harvard  Street  and  the  other  (of  iron)  from  the 
entrance  on  Holyoke  Street,  —  there  are  iron  fire  escapes  attached  to  the 
building.  Although  the  rooms  are  quite  high,  special  care  was  taken  to  secure 
thorough  ventilation.  It  i.s  the  only  college  building  named  in  honor  of  a 
college  president. 

Adjoining  Holyoke  Hou.se  on  the  west,  and  fronting  on  Haivunl  Street, 
stands  — 

38.  f  Little's  Block.     Crossing  Harvai'd  .Squart',  we  arrive  at  — 

39.  College  House.  The  first  house  of  this  name  was  an  "  ugly,  three- 
story,  Iiriek-ended,  wooden-fronled "  building,  that  stood  on  tlie  northern 
part  of  the  site  of  the  ])resent  structure,  near  the  corner  of  Chiurh  Street. 
Although  built  for  pri\ate  use,  it  was  occupied  the  greater  part  of  the  tinu; 
by  students.  It  was  familiarly  known  as  liie  ••  Den."'  The  '.xternal  and 
internal  appearance  is  said  to  have  justifiiMl  this  name. 

Kdward  Everett  in  Ix.'rJ  wrote  about  (he  liisl  Cdllege  House  as  I'ollows  : 
"  I  HvimI  in  it  in  my  fi-eshman  year.  Whence  llie  n.nue  of  '  \\'is\vai"s  Den,' 
I  hai'<lly  dare  say;  there  was  souu^thing  worse  than  'old  tiij_ry'  alioul  il.  '{'here 
was  a  dismal  tradition  that,  at  some  former  period,  it  had  been  the  scene  of 
murder.  A  brutal  husband  had  dragged  his  wile  liy  the  hair  up  and  down 
stairs,  and  then  killed  her.  On  the  anniversary  of  tlit^  uun-der  —  and  what 
day  that  was  no  one  knew  —  liiere  were  sights  and  sounds  —  siriilor  /(vri 
Iriiclrnque  caletut  —  enough  to  api)al  the  strongest  sopliomore.  liut  for  my- 
self I  can  truly  say  tJiat  I  got  through  my  freshman  year  without  liaving  ^ern 
the  ghost  of  Mr.  Wiswal  or  liis  lamented  lady." 


$8  //AKl'AA'J)    rxn-RRSlTY 

South  of  llu'  "  Drii"'  wi-re  the  i-ollose  cariienter  shop  and  the  college  en- 
gine house.     In   1774  the  college  purchased  the  property. 

Where  now  stands  the  southern  part  of  College  House  stood  the  second 
College  House,  in  wliich  the  law  professor  was  accommodated  fifty  years  ago. 
The  third  building  of  that  name,  also  constructed  of  wood,  was  situated  on  the 
southwest  corner  of  Dunster  and  Harvard  streets. 

In  1S4G  the  old  buildings  were  taken  down,  and  the  j)resent  College  House 
was  erected.  The  Mansard  roof  was  added  in  1871.  The  rooms  of  this  build- 
ing are  rented  at  low  rates,  and  are  chiefly  occupied  by  students  who  depend 
upon  their  exertions  and  economy  to  complete  their  course.  It  is  styleil  the 
"Grinder's  Home  "  by  some  of  the  students,  possibly  owing  to  the  indefati- 
gable a|)plication  of  the  occupants.  The  Society  of  Christian  Brethren,  formerly 
in  room  24,  is  now  in  1 8  Stou^iton.  The  lower  story  is  occupied  by  the  post- 
office,  Charles  River  National  Bank,  a  savings  bank,  and  several  stores. 

We  have  now  seen  the  university  buildings  in  the  immediftti-  vicinity  of 
the  college  pro])er,  and  there  remain  }et  to  be  seen  in  Cambridge  the  Bo- 
tanic Garden  (48)  and  the  Astronomical  Observatory  (49),  which  ai'e  de- 
scril)ed  below,  and  will  be  met  witli  in  "  A  Walk  through  Cambridge"  (see 
page  63),  under  the  numbers  corresponding  to  those  attached  to  the  follow- 
ing descriptions:  — 

48.  Botanic  Garden,^  founded  in  1805,  situated  on  the  northwest  corner  of 
Garden  and  Linnean  streets.  The  land,  about  seven  and  a  half  acres,  is  said 
to  have  been  given  by  Mr.  Craigie,  and  the  funds  for  its  formation  and  sup- 
port were  raised  partly  by  subscription  and  partly  by  a  grant  from  the  state 
of  some  wild  lands  in  the  District  of  Maine.  The  present  institution  was 
completed,  and  indeeil  the  current  expenses  met,  with  funds  that  were  derived 
from  the  state  grant  and  private  subscriptions. 

As  we  enter  from  (iarden  Street,  to  the  right  is  the  garden  proper,  and  to 
the  left  a  chain  of  buildings  in  the  following  order:  the  professor's  house, 
built  in  1810,  the  herbarium,  with  a  liljrary,  laboratoiy,  and  lecture  room 
attached,  and  the  conservatory. 

The  herbarium,  the  finest  in  this  country,  is  well  worth  the  inspection  of 
visitors;  the  room  containing  the  large  and  choice  collection  of  specimens  is 
surrounded  with  a  small  gallery  from  which  hang  pictures  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished American  and  European  botanists.     On  the  north  side  of  the  room 

'  In  going  to  the  Botanic  G.irden  or  tlie  Astronomical  Observatory,  direct  from  Boston,  take  the 
Oardcn  Street  cars,  at  Bowdoiu  Square,  and  get  off  at  Chauncy  Street. 


AXD   ITS  SURROC.VDLVGS.  59 

is  a  innrble  tahlef  bearing  tlie  name  of  Niithaniel  'J'liiiyer,  through  whose 
liberality  the  building  was  erec'ted  in  18(54  at  a  cost  of  $15,000.  In  the  library, 
containing  4,000  volumes,  arc  some  rare  ai\il  beautifully  illustrated  works  on 
botany.  The  portion  of  tlie  library  presented,  in  1865,  by  John  Aniory  Lowell 
(class  of  1815)  deserves  special  attention.  The  adjoining  laboratory  and  lect- 
ure room  were  added,  in  1871,  tlirough  the  munificence  of  an  anonymous 
donor.  The  main  conservatory  range  covei*s  a  space  of  3,720  square  feer,  and 
is  divided  into  six  compartments  so  as  fitly  to  accommod;ite  ])lants  from  tropi- 
cal and  sub-trojjical  countries.  The  cactus  house  covers  an  area  of  875  square 
feet.  This  range  is  supplemented  l)y  i-ows  of  pits  and  fi'aiut's  having  a  glass 
area  of  1,000  square  feet. 

In  the  green  hou.«es  alone  some  1,300  different  species  of  plants  are  culti- 
vated. Among  these  are  210  orchids,  300  ferns  and  club-mosses,  and  200 
cactuses  and  other  succulents.  Tiiere  are  extensive  rockeries  for  the  accom- 
modation of  rare  mountain,  bulbous,  and  early  blooming  phints,  including 
some  of  our  choicest  native  species. 

Preference  is  given  to  native  plants,  and  no  ])aiiis  are  spared  to  bring  to- 
gether the  largest  collection  possible,  which  is  already  very  extensive.  The 
United  States  conqjosita?  grown  here  is  the  finest  grouj)  in  any  garden  in  the 
world . 

In  tlie  past  few  years  the  out-door  gardens  have  l)een  remodeled  and  replanted 
according  to  strict  botanical  arrangement.  All  the  i)lants  are  distinctly  la- 
beled, and  conveniently  reached  by  grassy  paths  that  diverge  froTu  the  general 
walks.  The  herbarium  and  conservatory,  as  well  as  the  grounds,  are  ojien  daily 
to  visitors. 

Diagonallv  opposite  to  the  Botanic  Garden  is  the  — 

49.  Astronomical  Observatory,  situated  on  the  corner  of  Hond  and  Gar- 
den streets,  which,  like  the  other  departments  of  the  university,  had  a  small 
beginning.  Although  the  idea  of  establishing  an  astronomical  observatory 
in  connection  with  the  college  originated  in  the  early  part  ot'  the  jiresent  cent- 
ury, yet  it  was  not  until  the  year  1831)  that  any  effective  steps  were  taken. 
In  this  year  the  Dana  House  (33)  was  lltted  iq)  for  the  conlinmince  of  llu^ 
observations  which  had  already  been  undertaken  liy  William  ("ranch  IJond, 
designed  for  comparison  with  those  made  liy  the  I'nitcd  Slates  Kxploring  Kx- 
j)cdition.  Soon  after  this,  in  aniicipaliou  of  a  new  buihiiug,  twelve  .acres  of 
laml  which  ljclon:.'ed  to  the  Craiiric  estate  wcri'   jiurchascil   by  the  college,  but 


6o  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

in  the  iiilori'st  ol  I'conoiiiy  only  the  ?ix  iicrcs  which  form  <a  [)art  of  the  rising 
<:rounil  calloil  SiminKT  Hill  were  retained  for  the  Observatory.  In  18 113,  under 
the  impulse  of  a  renewed  interest  in  astronomy  that  liad  been  awakencnl  by 
the  celebrated  comet  of  that  year,  at  a  small  meetin<j;  held  in  the  oflice  of  J. 
In;j:ersoil  Bowditeh  of  Boston,  measures  were  taken  which  resulted  in  the  sub- 
scription of  a  considerable  sum  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  a  large  telescope, 
e(iuatorially  mounted,  and  a  suitable  building  to  receive  it.  With  these  funds 
the  present  observatory  building,  with  the  exception  of  the  west  wing,  added 
in  1851,  was  completed  in  1846,  and  the  instruments  removi'd  from  the  Dana 
House.  During  tlie  next  year  tlie  equatorial  telescope  from  INIunich  was  re- 
reived  and  mounted.  The  aperture  of  the  telescope  is  fifteen  inches,  and  the 
foi-al  length  twenty-two  feet  and  six  inches.     Its  value  is  about  S25,000. 

A  transit  circle,  made  in  London,  arrived  in  1848.  Shortly  before  this  time 
two  comet-seekers  had  been  given  by  Mr.  Bowditch  and  President  Quincy 
respectively.  Since  then  a  chronograph,  spectroscope,  meridian  circle,  and  an 
equaiorial  telescope  of  five  and  a  half  inclies  aperture,  with  a  driving  clock, 
and  also  apparatus  for  photographing  the  sun,  and  other  instruments,  have 
been  added.  In  1849  tiie  Observatory  was  placed  on  a  firm  basis  by  the 
bequest  of  Edward  Bromfield  PJullips  (class  of  1845),  who  left  to  the  college 
Si 00,000.  The  interest  of  that  sum  was  to  be  applied  annually  for  the  pay- 
ment of  salaries  at  the  Observatory,  and  for  the  purchase  of  books  and  instru- 
ments.    There  are  now  about  3,000  volumes  in  the  library. 

In  1872  a  method  was  adopted  of  transmitting  to  Boston  signals  for  the  reg- 
ulation of  time,  which  are  now  used  by  various  establishments.  The  method 
is  as  follows:  a  local  circuit  within  the  Observatory  is  broken  every  two  sec- 
onds by  a  clock  regulated  to  mean  time  and  kept  fifteen  and  one  half  seconds 
faster  than  mean  time  at  the  Observatory,  in  order  to  allow  for  the  difference 
of  longitude  between  Cambridge  and  the  State  House  in  Boston.  The  clock  is 
so  constructed  as  to  omit  one  of  its  signals  before  the  beginning  of  each  minute, 
which  is  consequently  marked  by  the  first  signal  given  after  the  pause.  The 
pause  before  the  beginning  of  every  fifth  minute  is  made  longer  than  the  oth- 
■ers,  by  the  omission  of  several  additional  signals. 

Visitors  are  not  admitted  to  the  Oljservatory,  because  the  work  of  the  estab- 
lishment would  be  interfered  with  l)y  fre(|uent  visitors. 


AXD    ITS   SURROUNDINGS.  6l 

Five  important  departments  of  the  university  are  situated  outside  of  Cam- 
Ijridge,  — three  in  Boston  proper  and  two  in  Jamaica  Plain  district.  The  (1) 
Medical  and  (2)  Dental  Schools  are  closely  allieil,  and  are  situated  in  Boston  tor 
like  reasons;  and  the  Schools  of  (3)  Agriculture  and  (4)  Veterinary  Medicine 
and  the  (5)  Arboretum  are  also  somewhat  allied  in  their  work  and  in  the  joint 
use  of  buildiu'js  and  frrounds.     The  five  departments  are  as  follows  :  — 

1st.  The  Medical  School,  founded  in  1782,  situated  on  Boylston  Street 
in  Boston  '•  in  oriler  to  secure  those  advantages  for  clinical  instruction  and  for 
the  study  of  pi-actical  anatomy  which  are  found  only  in  large  cities." 

The  Boston  ^ledical  Society,  an  association  formed  in  1 780,  under  the 
lead  of  several  of  the  principal  physicians  in  the  city,  may  be  said  to  have 
given  the  impetus  to  the  movement  which  resulted  in  the  establishment  of  a 
medical  department  connected  with  the  university.  For,  under  the  auspices 
of  this  society.  Dr.  John  Warren,  a  Ijrother  of  General  Josej)!!  Warren,  who 
fell  at  Bunker  Hill,  delivered  in  the  winter  of  1781  a  course  of  anatomical 
lectures,  which  were  so  successful  that  President  Willard  and  some  of  the 
corporation  who  had  attended  them  were  led  to  think  of  organizing  a  medical 
school  to  be  connected  with  the  college.  At  the  request  of  the  corporation,  in 
1782,  Dr.  Warren  drew  up  the  outlines  of  a  jjlan,  which  in  its  main  features 
was  accepted  by  them  and  confirmed  by  the  board  of  overseers  ;  but  the  school 
did  not  go  into  operation  until  the  next  year,  "  the  lectures  being  delivered  in 
Cambridge  before  a  small  number  of  medical  students  and  those  membei-s  of 
the  senior  class  in  college  who  had  obtained  the  consent  of  their  parents." 

At  first  there  were  only  three  professors,  one  of  them  being  Dr.  ^^  arren, 
throu.di  whose  aidlity  and  energy  the  medical  school  was  eii:il)led  to  ovi'rcome 
the  diiHculties  which  it  had  to  encounter  in  the  beginning. 

The  lectures  were  delivered  in  Cambridge  until  tlie  year  1810,  when  the 
school  was  transferred  to  Boston  for  the  reasons  mentioned  above.  In  1816 
a  building,  under  the  name  of  the  Massachusetts  IMcdical  Colh'ge,  s{)ecially 
constructed  for  the  needs  of  medical  instruction,  was  erected  on  Mason  Street 
by  a  grant  obtained  from  the  Commonwealth,  and  was  occupied  Uw  nearly 
forty  years.  It  was  then  sold  to  tlie  Natural  History  Society,  as  the  lu'eds  of 
the  school  demanded  a  larger  building.  In  18l(i  the  recent  Mediial  School 
(now  the  Dental  School)  ituilding  was  erected  on  a  piece  of  land  on  Nc^rth 
(Jrovc  Street,  given  by  Dr.  (Jeorgi;  Parkman.  which  always  retained  the  name 
of  ili-   M.issachusetts  Medical    College,  though  it   belonged   to  the  university. 


52  I/ARfAKD    UXU'ERSITY 

It  was  in   the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  Massachusetts  General   Hospital,  and 
was  a  brick  structure  of  three  stories. 

The  new  Medical  School  Building,  on  the  corner  of  Exeter  and 
Buvlston  Streets  (main  entranee  on  Boylston  Street),  is  a  four-story  fireproof 
structure,  of  brick,  witli  sandstone  and  terra-cotta  decorations,  123  by  100  by 
131  feet.  The  lot  on  which  it  stands  is  264  by  125  feet,  and  gives  ample  room 
for  future  enlartrements.  Tiie  building  is  divided,  by  brick  walls  running 
through  it,  into  three,  parts.  The  central  part  is  occupied  by  a  great  staircase 
hall,  41  by  3o  feet,  running  to  the  top  and  lighted  from  above.  The  space  not 
occupied  by  the  staircase  hall  is  used  for  an  entrance  hall  on  the  ground  floor. 
and,  on  other  floors,  for  oSice,  studies,  and  private  laboratories  for  professors. 
On  the  ground  floor  the  eastern  part  contains  the  janitor's  room,  and  reading, 
smoking,  and  coat  rooms  for  students ;  in  the  west  part  are  a  faculty  room, 
library,  and  a  lecture-room.  On  the  second  floor  the  west  part  is  occupied  by 
the  great  laboratory  for  general  chemistry,  95  by  3G  feet,  and  21  feet  high, 
with  tables,  chemical  hoods,  sinks,  and  other  scientific  apparatus,  sufficient  for 
212  students  working  at  one  time..  The  east  side  of  the  second  floor  contains 
the  physiological  laboratory,  36  by  48  feet;  and  a  general  lecture-room,  43  by 
46  feet,  with  sloping  seats,  capable  of  seating  234  auditors.  On  the  west  side 
of  the  third  floor  the  superb  museum  of  anatomy  has  a  handsomely  decorated 
room,  80  by  34  feet,  with  galleries.  The  east  side  contains  subordinate  lecture 
and  recitation  rooms,  and,  on  the  southeast  corner,  the  anatomical  theatre, 
which  extends  through  the  third  and  fourth  stories  to  the  roof.  It  has  steep, 
sloping  sides,  which  overhang  the  demonstrator's  table,  and  can  seat  268 
students.  Finally,  the  fourth  floor  is  occupied  by  the  patholosiual  laboratury,. 
furnished  with  continuous  tables  for  microscopic  study ;  by  the  anatomical 
laboratory,  also  fully  equipped  ;  and  by  a  smaller  theatre  for  anatomical 
demonstration.  The  appointments  of  the  building  are  in  every  respect  com- 
plete. Abundant  light  is  everywhere  provided  ;  the  arrangements  for  heating, 
ventilating,  and  draining  are  elaborate  ;  the  facilities  for  instruction,  experi- 
ment, and  demonstration  are  ample.  In  the  arrangement  of  the  interior  a 
committee  of  the  medical  faculty  was  consulted,  and  the  most  practical 
distribution  of  space  secured.  In  external  appearance  the  building  is  in 
keeping  with  the  handsome  quarter  of  the  city  in  which  it  stands.  The 
architects  were  Messrs.  Van  Brunt  &  Howe.  The  cost  was  over  ^250,000,  and 
was  defrayed  by  a  subscription  freely  and  generously  made  by  friends  of  the 


A.VD    ITS    Si'A'A'OCWnJXGS.  5^ 

school.  Tlie  biiililing,  whit-h  is  by  far  ilie  best  for  its  purpose  in  the  United 
States,  was  ready  for  occ-upani-y  in  October,  1883,  when  it  was  formally  dedi- 
cated. Dr.  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes  delivering  tiie  address. 

2d.  The  Dental  School,  formerly  situated  at  No.  50  Allen  Street,  and 
now  occupying  the  building  on  North  Grove  Street,  which  was  formerly  used 
by  the  ]\Iedical  School.  It,  too,  is  in  Boston,  to  secure  in  connection  with  the 
medical  department  the  advantages  for  clinical  instruction  found  only  in  large 
cities.  At  one  of  the  regular  meetings  of  the  Massachusetts  Dental  Society, 
in  1865,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  consult  with  a  committee  of  the  medical 
faculty  as  to  the  feasibility  and  propriety  of  establishing  a  dental  chair  in  the 
medical  school.  The  matter  grew  in  their  lian<ls  until  in  July,  1SG7,  on  the 
recommendation  of  the  medical  faculty,  the  corporation  voted  to  establish  a 
dental  school.  This  school  opened  in  November,  18CS,  with  a  full  corps  of 
instructors  and  a  reasonable  number  of  students.  At  first  tlu'  plan  of  the 
school  was  the  same  as  that  of  all  the  medical  and  dental  schools  in  the 
country;  that  is,  the  student  devoted  four  months  to  a  winter  course  of 
lectures,  and  studied  with  a  practitioner  for  the  rest  of  the  year  ;  but  in  Feb- 
ruary. 1872,  it  was  voted  to  establish  a  summer  school  which  should  be 
equivalent  to,  and  gradually  dispense  with,  private  pupilage.  This  course 
was  optional  with  the  student,  l)iit  was  increasingly  successful  until  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1875,  a  vote  wis  passe<l  changing  the  whole  basis  of  instruction,  viz.  : 
making  the  terms  of  the  school  nine  instead  of  four  months,  to  coincide  with 
those  of  the  medical  and  other  schools  of  the  university,  and  the  course  a  pro- 
gressive one  of  two  years,  no  instruction  of  the  first  year  being  re])eated  in  the 
second.  The  student  is  now  obliged  to  pass  an  examination  in  the  studies  of 
the  first  year,  which  are  identical  with  those  of  the  first  year  of  the  medical 
school,  and  by  the  same  professors,  before  he  is  allowed  to  enter  the  second- 
year  class.  Three  years  of  .study  are  necessary  f.>r  admission  to  the  examina- 
tion for  a  degree,  but  one  year  may  be  under  a  private  instructor. 

3d.  The  Bussey  Institution,  a  school  of  agriculture  and  horticulture, 
situated  at  Jamaica  I'laiu,  near  Forest  Mills,  on  the  Boston  and  Frovidence 
Ilailroad,  established  as  a  department  of  Harvard  I'niversity  under  the  trusts 
created  by  the  will  of  Benjamin  Bussey  of  Koxbury,  biMring  date  Jnlv,  183.5. 
By  a  provision  in  the  will  the  bequest  was  not  available  forthwith  ;  but,  in 
1861,  an  amount  of  property,  estimated  at  SIKJ.OOO,  was  transferred  by  the 
trustees  to  the  corpoia:ion.     One  fourth  of  the  net  income  from  this  property 


(54  JIAKIARD    UXIVERSITY 

was  itiimediatcly  applied,  in  accordance  with  the  directions  of  the  donor,  to 
the  uses  of  tlie  divinity  scliool,  and  another  fourth  to  the  uses  of  the  law 
school  at  Cambridge  ;  the  remainder  was  left  to  accumulate  for  a  building 
fund.  A  descendant  of  Mr.  Bussey  still  held  a  life  interest  in  the  estate  at 
Jamaica  Plain,  about  360  acres;  but  in  1870  an  arrangement  was  made  by 
which  seven  acres  were  relintpiished  to  the  college,  and  the  organization  of  the 
school  was  immediately  begun.  In  the  same  year  the  main  structure,  a  com- 
modious building  of  Roxbury  pudding  stone,  112  by  73  ii-et,  in  the  Victoria 
Gothic  style  of  architecture,  was  erected  on  the  spot  designated  by  Mr. 
Bu.ssey.  By  the  end  of  the  next  year  greenhouses  aud  sheds  were  built,  the 
grounds  and  avenues  prepared,  aud  a  water  supply  provided.  The  main 
l)uilding  contains  an  office,  a  library  of  2,000  volumes,  recitation  and  collection 
rooms,  and  a  laboratory  with  store-rooms  and  a  glass  house  attached.  The 
cost  of  putting  up  and  furnishing  these  buildings  was  about  S62,000.  The 
single  object  of  the  school  is  to  promote  and  diffuse  a  thorough  knowledge 
of  agriculture  and  horticulture,  and  it  is  intended  for  young  men  who  e.xpect 
to  follow  such  pursuits. 

4th.  The  School  of  Veterinary  Medicine  was  established  during  the 
summer  of  1883,  when  a  fully  equipped  veterinary  establishment  was  provided, 
which,  with  its  other  facilities,  makes  this  school  one  of  large  resources  for 
students  who  wish  to  become  thoroughly  practical,  as  well  as  scientific,  ve- 
terinarians. There  is  a  hospital  building,  situated  at  the  corner  of  Village 
and  Lucas  Streets  in  Boston,  which  offers  every  advantage  for  the  observa- 
tion and  treatment  of  sick  animals.  It  is  a  substantial  structure  of  br  ck, 
three  stories  high,  and  has  been  designed  especially  for  its  uses.  Upon  the 
first  floor  are  the  office,  a  large  operating  space,  lighted  from  above,  five  com- 
modious box  stalls  (one  of  which  is  padded  and  grateil  for  the  reception  of 
violent  cases),  and  six  ordinary  stalls.  On  the  second  floor  are  twelve  boxes 
and  stalls  of  various  dimensions,  a  room  for  dogs,  containing  about  20  kennels, 
a  pharmacy,  and  a  grooms'  room.  The  third  story  contains,  besides  the  neces- 
sary lofts  and  workrooms,  apartments  for  the  assistant  surgeon  and  house 
surseon.  In  the  basement  there  is  a  shoeing- forge,  a  room  for  cattle,  and  a 
boiler-room.  Hot  and  cold  water,  steam  heat,  and  gas  are  supplied  through- 
out the  building,  and  all  pains  have  been  taken  to  make  the  drainage  and 
ventilation  satisfactory.  The  school  also  uses  buildings  and  pastures  at  the 
Bussey  Farm,  to  which  animals  convalescing  from  various  diseases  and  lame- 
nesses are  sent  from  the  Village  Street  building  for  a  period  of  I'est. 


D        O 

o 

r     r 


66  JlAKl-AKD    UXirEKSJTY. 

5th.  The  Arnold  Arboretum  is  the  result  of  a  desire  of  James  Arnold, 
ot  Xew  Bedford,  to  fouml  a  professorship  of  tree  culture,  and  to  create  an 
aboretum  which  shall  ultimately  contain  all  trees,  shrubs,  and  herbaceous  plants 
that  can  grow  in  the  open  air.  For  this  purpose  he  bequeathed  to  the  univer- 
sity 8100,000,  and  a  part  (137  acres)  of  the  Busscy  Estate  has  been  laid  out 
as  an  open  park,  with  roadways  and  walks,  making  a  delightful  resort,  as  well 
as  an  unsurpassed  place  for  the  observation  and  study  of  trees  and  shrubs. 
At  jiresent  there  are  mutual  arrangements  between  the  City  of  Boston  and 
Harvard  University,  whereby  the  public  are  freely  admitted  to  the  larger  part 
of  the  aboretum  by  reason  of  the  city  furnishing  police,  laying  out  roads,  and 
adding  some  44  acres  to  the  original  grounds. 


A  WALK  THROUGH  CAMBRIDGE. 


THE  visitor  has  already  seen  the  (greater  part  of 
the  university  buildings,  and  it  is  intended  now 
to  gui<le  him  among  historical  and  public  land- 
marks of  Old  Camliridge.  The  descriptions  that 
follow,  as  far  as  number  40,  are  of  places  not 
owned  by  the  college,  but  mentioned  in  the 
"  Walk  through  Harvard."  They  arc  arranged 
below  in  progressive  numerical  order  to  facili- 
fg*^,    tate  reference  to  them.     It  will  be  remembered 


that  the  numbers  also  refer  both  to  the  location 
(when  within  the  limits)  on  the  key  plan,  page 
4,  and  to  the  illustration  (if  there  is  any)  i)er- 
taining  to  the  (h'scriptiuii. 


Old  Mile  Stone. 

31.  Felton  Buildiug,  situated  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Cambridge  and 
Trowbridge  streets,  on  a  lot  of  land  containing  24,000  square  feet,  was  com- 
pleted in  1S77,  and  is  a  pleasing  and  well-kept  dormitory.  It  is  named  in 
honor  of  the  late  Cornelius  C.  Feltoii,  the  twentieth  president  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege. It  was  built  by  Henry  Bigelow  Williams,  from  plans  bv  Peabodv  & 
Stearns,  of  Boston.  The  building  is  of  brick,  three  stories  high,  having  a 
front  of  l.'jHfeet,  in  the  Elizabethan  style  of  architecture,  and  is  divided  by 
brick  walls  into  three  separate  sections,  comnuuiicating  with  one  another  on  the 
different  floors  by  wide  halls,  which  extend  the  entire  length  of  tin*  building. 
Three  slair-cascs  lead  from  the  three  entrances,  one  from  e.ich  side  of  the  ilor- 
milory.     There  are  thirty-si.x  suites  of  rooms,  very  light  and  well  vcnlilatcd.  of 


68  IIARl'ARD    UiXlVERSITY 

wliicli  twclvi'  —  the  corner  rooms  —  consist  of  a  parlor,  two  bedrooms,  a  bath 
room  with  hot  ami  cold  water,  tdothes  closets  and  coal-bin;  the  remaining 
twentv-four  suites  differing  from  these  only  in  having  one  bedroom  in  place  of 
two.  Each  suite  is  intended  to  accommodate  two  persons.  The  i-ooms  are  pro- 
vided with  open  fire-places,  and  the  halls  are  heated  by  steam  and  lighted  by 
was.  The  janitor,  who  occupies  tlie  snug  brick  house  adjoining  in  the  rear, 
has  charge  of  the  building.  The  rent  for  suites  ranges  from  Si 50  to  S200  per 
annum,  making  them  low  priced  rooms,  while  the  accommodations  render  them 
quite  desirable.  AVhen  the  grounds  are  laid  out,  this  buildinnj  will  be  one  of 
the  attractive  surroundings  of  Harvard.  It  is  situated  conveniently  to  the  col- 
lege yard  and  Memorial  Hall,  and  is  readily  accessible  from  Boston  by  the 
Cambridge  Street  horse  cars,  which  pass  the  door,  or  by  the  Broadway  cars, 
which  pass  within  a  half  minute's  walk  from  the  building. 

34.  Beck  Hall  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  Harvard,  Main,  and  Quiney 
streets.  It  is  not  at  all  surprising  that  among  nearly  fifteen  hundred  students 
there  should  be  some  whose  parents  or  guardians  are  willing  to  ])rovide  them 
■with  every  possible  comfort,  especially  whan  it  is  remembered  that  the  stu- 
dents of  Harvard  include  the  sons  of  many  of  the  wealthiest  men  in  the  coun- 
try. To  supply  as  many  comforts  for  students  as  can  be  furnished  in  a  public 
building,  a  new  dormitory  was  built  in  1876,  at  a  cost  of  nearly  Si  00,000,  by 
private  enterprise.  By  reason  of  the  time  of  its  completion  it  was  to  have 
been  styled  Centennial  Hall;  but  upon  further  consideration  the  owner  decided 
to  name  the  building  Beck  Hall,  in  memory  of  the  late  Professor  Charles  Beck. 
This  is  the  finest  of  the  students'  halls  in  its  arrangements  and  furnishings. 
The  rooms  are  fitted  up  with  much  elegance,  —  costly  furniture,  upholstery, 
and  decorations  abounding  throughout  the  building.  No  doubt  a  graduate  of 
the  nearly  part  of  this  century,  when  a  carpeted  floor  was  almost  unknown, 
would  now  behold  with  wonder  the  carpets  that  ai*e  spread  upon  the  floors  of 
all  the  dormitories,  and  upon  those  in  this  one  in  particular.  N.  J.  Bradlee  of 
Boston  was  the  architect  of  the  building.  It  is  four  stories  high,  with  a  base- 
ment; its  length  is  109  feet,  and  width  60  feet.  The  walls,  resting  upon  a  cut 
stone  basement,  are  of  pressed  brick  interspersed  with  black  bricks  and  tiles, 
and  trimmed  with  brown  stone.  There  are  twenty-eight  suites  of  rooms,  twelve 
of  Avhich  are  double,  and  sixteen  single.  A  single  suite  comprises  a  study, 
two  closets,  bedroom,  bath  room  with  hot  and  cold  water,  and  coal  bin  ;  a 
double  suite  differing  from  the  above  merely  in  having  an  additional  bedroom 


^  \  ^> 


AND   ITS  SURROUXDIXGS.  69 

and  closet.  Eac-li  suite  is  fui-nisheil  with  liandsonie  chandeliers,  steam  heat- 
'wvg  apparatus,  white  uiarMe  mantels  for  open  fire-places,  and  a  fixed  marhle- 
top  washstand  provided  with  hot  and  cold  water.  All  the  washstand  orna- 
ments are  nickel-plated,  and  the  faucets  have  automatic  stops.  The  entire 
interior,  even  the  janitor's  lodge  in  the  basement,  is  finished  in  ash,  and  all 
the  rooms  and  halls  have  plaster  cornices.  A  marble  slab  is  placed  in  the 
basement  to  hold  the  silver-j)lated  mouth-pieces  of  the  speakiii;i-tubes  that 
are  connected  with  each  study.  These  tubes  afford  the  occupants  an  easy 
mode  of  connniuiication  with  the  janitor,  who  can  be  readily  summoned  by 
means  of  the  thundj-knoh  in  the  room  connected  by  wires  with  tlie  aniniiici- 
ator  in  the  basement.  The  ajjartments  are  lofty,  well  liifhted.and  thoroti'ihly 
ventilated.  On  the  first  floor  the  rooms  are  eleven  feet  high.  Two  entrances, 
one  on  Harvard  and  the  other  on  Main  Street,  open  into  a  spacious  hall, 
lighted  by  a  skylight  in  the  roof  over  the  central  part,  and  paved  with  mar- 
ble tiles.  The  glass  of  this  building  presents  a  marked  contrast  with  that  of 
the  oldest  dormitories,  —  in  the  former  tlie  size  being  40  by  28  inches,  while 
in  the  latter  it  is  6  by  8  inches.  On  the  first  floor  there  is  a  neat  bulletin 
boiird  which  indicates  M-hether  an  occupant  of  a  room  is  "  in  "'  or  "dut." 
Near  the  entrance  on  Main  Street  the  Post-olKce  Drpaitmcni  has  ])laci'd  a 
letter-box,  from  which  the  letters  are  gathered  several  times  ciicli  day. 
x\round  the  building  there  is  considerable  open  space,  rendering  it  liulit  and 
airy,  and  affording  beautiful  views  in  every  direction.  The  property  is  owned 
by  Mrs.  Anna  L.  Mijring  of  Cambridge,  and  is  in  charge  of  her  agent,  James 
C.  Davis,  .'{u  Court  Street,  lioston. 

35.  Old  Cambridge  Baptist  Church  is  the  spacious  stoiu'  edifice  extending 
from  Main  to  Harvard  Street,  opposite  Prescott  Street.  The  ehunli  was 
organized  August  20,  181 1.  Their  fir.-t  meeting-liouse  was  a  wooden  struct- 
ure, on  the  corner  of  Kirkland  Sinet  and  Holmes  Place.  This  hoiis*-  was 
sold  October  23,  18GC,  to  what  is  now  known  as  the;  North  Avenue  Con- 
gregational Society,  and  was  removed  boiiily,  without  even  disturbin.:  ilu- 
steeple,  to  the  southerly  corner  of  North  Avetuie  and  Koselaiid  Street, 
where  it  now  stands.  For  the  next  few  years  llnr  congregation  woi^hijied 
})aitly  in  tlie  meeting-house  of  tlu;  Shepard  Congregational  Society  and 
j)arily  in  Lyceum  Hall.  Meanwhih',  arraiiixcments  were  ma<le  and  contri- 
butions on  a  lilx-ral  scale  were  offered  for  tlie  erection  of  a  new  liuilding. 
The   effort   was   successful,    and    resulted   in    the    ])ii'sent  edifice,   wiiich    was 


70 


HAK]-ARD    UNIVERSITY 


dedicated   September  29,   1870.     Tlie  cliurch  is   an  imposing  pile  of  Gothic 
architecture.     It  has  received  but  little   interior  or  exterior  decoration,   its 

.  massive   and   (grace- 

ful proportions  ren- 
dering this  unneces- 
sary. Its  cost,  in- 
cluding the  ground, 
was  about  SI 24, 000. 
The  society  which 
l)uilt  it,  although 
eonstituting  one  of 
the  youngest  relig- 
ious oruanizations  of 
Old  Cambridge,  has 
become  numerous 
and  influential.  The 
pastor  in  charge  is 


Mjvjlpl^      , ?^T^_&~-^^'"ferg^fir\94^i  "^         .f^    Rev.  Franklin  John 

m^^^^^'^^    ^tef_g_feS>^   sun.  D.D. 

Old  Cambridge   Baptist  Church  (3  5).  ^|jg   buildiuo-   is   that 

sliown  in  tlie  illustration,  taken  from  Main  Street,  looking  toward  the  north- 
west: but,  viewing  it  from  any  point,  the  visitor  cannot  but  admire  its  grandeur 
and  simplicity. 

Just  beyond,  on  Harvard  Street,  on  the  rear  wall  of  Boylston  Hall  (7)  is  a  — 
Memorial  Tablet,  cut  on  the  stone  between  the  windows  of  the  first  and 
second  stories.     Its  inscription  reads  :  — 


HERE    WAS    THE    HOMESTEAD    OF 

THOMAS       HOOKER       1633-36 

FIRST    PASTOR    AT     NEWTOWN 

THOMAS    SHEPARD     163S-49 

JONATHAN       MITCHELL      1650-63 

FIRST   AND    SECOND    MINISTERS 

OF    THE    FIRST    CHURCH    OF    CAMBRIDGE 

JOHN     LEVERETT     1696-172* 

PRESIDENT    OF     HARVARD    COLLEGE 

EDWARD  WIGGLESWORTH   1726-68 

FIRST    MOLLIS    PROFESSOR    OF     DIVINITY 

AND 

EDWARD     WIGGLESWORTH 

SECOND    MOLLIS    PROFESSOR    OF     DIVINITY 

AND   ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  Jl 

Other  Memorial  Tablets  in  this  locality  are  a  <j;ranito  block  placed  on 
tlie  west  side  of  Ilolyoke  Street,  not  far  from  Ilolyoke  Ilonse  (37),  wliicli 
stands  in  front  of  the  site  of  the  former  printing-house  of  John  Wilson  &  Son. 
It  reads ;  — 

HERE    STOOD 

THE    FIRST    SCHOOL    HOUSE 

OF    CAMBRIDGE 

BUILT       IN       1648 

ERECTED    BY    THE    CITY 

1880 

On  the  west  side  of  Dnnsler  Street  at  tlie  north  corner  of  ]\It  Auburn  Street, 
•on  the  foundation  stone  of  the  building  was  inscribed  :  — 

SITE     OF    THE 
FIRST     MEETINQ-HOUSE    IN     OAMRIDGE 
ERECTED    AD,     IG32 

On  the  west  side  of  Dunster  Street  at  corner  of  South  Street,  is  a  granite 
block  inscribed  :  — 

THOMAS    DUDLEY 

FO'JNDER    OF    CAMBRIDGE 

GOVERNOR    OF    MASSACHUSETTS 

LIVED    HERE     IN     1630 

ERECTED    BY    THE    CITY 

laeo 

36.  The  Bishop's  Palace  is  the  familiar  name  applied  to  the  large  stpiare 
wooden  liouse  on  the  soutli  side  of  Harvard  Street,  directly  opposite  Unre 
Hall  (8).  Its  true  front  is  toward  Mount  Aidmrn  Street,  which  one*-,  as  the 
highroad,  passed  along  the  edge  of  the  garden.  .\t  ih.il  lime  the  house  en- 
joyed a  charming,  uninterru|)ted  view  over  th(^  tMiaries.  Jt  was  erected, 
jirobably  in  1701,  by  thi;  Itev.  East  A])lliorp,  the  first  Kpise(>|)al  clergyniiui 
settled  in  {Cambridge.  On  account  of  its  eleirance  ami  pro.xindly  to  Har- 
vard, Mayliew  and  his  orthodox  contemporaries  reganl<"d  the  house  with 
considerable  distrust.  Dr.  Aplhorp  was  thought  to  liave  aspire<l  to  the 
episcopate,  and  his  house  was  alluded  to  as  ''  the  jtalaci-  of  one  of  the  hum- 
ble siicces.sors  of  the  Apostles."  His  antagonists  rendered  his  ministry  so 
uncomfortable  that  he  gave  up  his  cliargi!  in  17()l,  and  removed  to  England. 


72 


HAK I  'AKD    UXIVERSITY 


John  Borland,  a  nieivliant,  nrxt.  occupied  it,  until  the  breaking  out  of  hostili- 
ties in  17  75  caused  him  to  llee  to  Boston.  He  is  said  to  have  built  the  third 
story  to  provide  additional 
accommodation  for  his  / 
household  slaves.  Then 
General  Putnam  converted 
the  house  into  the  head- 
quarters of  the  Connecticut 
troops,  and  retained  it  as 
such  until  the  battle  of 
Bunker  Hill.  Three  com- 
panies were  quartered  there 
up  to  the  time  that  the 
committee  of  safety  took 
possession  of  it.  It  was 
next  the  enforced  residence  '      Bishops  Palace  (36). 

of  General  Burgoyne.     After  the  Revohitionary  War  the  place  passed  into- 
the  hands  of  Jonathan  Simpson,  Jr. 

The  house  was  oritjinally  two  stories  high,  and  resembled  Longfellow's 
Home  (54).  The  hall  is  broad  and  pleasing,  while  the  staircase  is  railed  in 
with  curiously  wrought  balusters  of  various  designs.  The  left  hand  recep- 
tion room  was  an  elegant  state  apartment,  with  high  ceiling:  and  richly  carved 
woodwork.  Old  Dutch  tiles,  with  their  allegories,  are  still  in  the  fire-place,. 
which  yet  retains  its  ornamental  fire-back.  In  the  second-story  chamber, 
which  was  used  by  General  Burgoyne,  the  walls  are  formed  in  panels,  dec- 
orated with  costly  picturesque  paper.  The  property  is  now  owned  and  occu- 
pied by  the  family  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  B.  Manning,  a  venerable  lady  of  ninety- 
four  years,  who  can  yet  clearly  recall  and  relate  many  changes  that  have 
occurred  in  Cambridge  during  her  long  residence  here. 

The  Hasty  Pudding  Club  intends  to  build  its  new  club-house  on  the  east 
side  of  Holyoke  Street,  south  of  Holyoke  House.  The  club  was  formed  in 
1795,  its  name  being  derived  from  the  custom  of  eating  at  the  club  hasty-pud- 
ding in  place  of  the  bread-and-milk  which  then  formed  the  ordinary  evening 
meal  of  students.  The  custom  of  partaking  of  hasty-pudding  is  still  maintained. 
The  main  objects  of  the  club,  as  stated  in  the  original  constitution,  are  "to 
promote  good  fellowship,  to  afford  rational  enjoyment,  and  to  strengthen  the  tics 


AND   ITS  SURROUNDINGS. 


71 


of  friendship."  Tlie  cherishing  of  patriotic  feelings  was  also  among  the  objects 
at  the  time  of  the  foundation  of  the  club  ;  and  that  such  feelings  are  not  now  lack- 
ing among  the  members  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  more  than  one  hundred  of  them 
served  in  the  Civil  War.  Argumentative  encounters  later  occupied  nmch  of  the 
club's  attention ;  at  present  its  objects  are  mainly  social,  and  a  good  part  of  its 
attention  is  devoted  to  theatrical  entertainments.  The  club  has  been  from  the 
first  the  most  prominent  as  well  as  the  most  popular  of  the  college  societies. 
Almost  all  the  famous  graduates  were  among  its  members  during  their  college 
course.  The  members,  who  include  about  one  third  of  each  class,  are  elected 
in  the  second  half  of  the  junior  year,  and  remain  members  till  graduation. 
Originally  the  club  met  in  the  rooms  of  different  members  in  turn.  In  1849 
the  college  granted  the  use  of  a  room  on  the  highest  floor  of  Stougbton ;  some 
years  after  another  room  was  put  in  use.  In  18  71  two  more  were  granted,  anil 
the  whole  of  the  toj)  floor  of  the  north  entry  in  Stou^hton  used.  In  1H76,  at 
the  request  of  the  carporalion,  the  club  moved  to  quarters  in  the  upper  floor 
of  the  society  building  on  Jarvis  Field  (21).  At  present  it  occupies  rooms  in 
this  building,  as  well  as  others  on  Brattle  Street.  A  large  fund  has  been  raised 
for  the  new  club-house,  of  which  an  illustration  is  given.  The  plans  have  been 
completed,  and  the  building  is  to  be  put  up  diu-infj  1882. 

The  Porcellian  Club  occupies,  and  lin-!  occupied  for  nearly  fifty  years  (since 
1833),  rooms  on  Harvard  Street,  cast  of  Ilolyoke  Street.  Tlie  club  has  records 
dating  back  to  1791,  and  is  believed  to  have  existed  before  that  time.  It  con- 
sists of  seniors,  junior.s,  and  sophomores,  —  about  eight  from  each  class.  It 
owns  a  fine  library  of  about  7,000  volinnes.  Among  its  members  have  been 
W.  E.  Channing,  Jo.^eph  S'ory,  Washington  Allston,  Edward  Everett.  ().  W. 
Holmes,  W.  II.  Pre.scott,  C.  F.  Adams,  J.  L.  Motley,  J.  R.  Lowell,  Charles 
Sumner,  and  other  eminent  graduates. 

The  A.  D.  Club,  whir-h  is  similar  in  character  to  the  PorceHi:iii  Cliili,  occu- 
pies the  pleasant  (•lul)-house  on  the  corner  of  Mt.  Auburn  and  Diiiister  Streets. 
The  club  in  its  j)resent  form  dat"s  from  tin*  year  186.'^,  but  is  a  continuation  of 
the  chapter  of  the  A  A  *,  which  existed  at  Harvard  until  that  lime.  The 
\.  D.  Club  consists  ot  not  more  than  thirty-si,\  members,  chiefly  from  the 
junior  and  senior  cla.sses.  Its  objects  are  almo.'^t  exclusively  those  of  social 
intercourse  and  entertainment.  Tlie  club-hous(!  has  been  tastefully  filled  up, 
and  contains  a  good  library.     The  Porcellian  an<l  the  \    I)   arc  strictly  clubs, 


74  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY. 

and  their  members  include  the  more  weaitliy  stiidents,  and  those  of  high  social 
standing.  — A  new  chapter  of  the  A  A  *  was  founded  in  1879  in  place  of  that 
which  had  been  absorbed  in  tlie  A.  I).  It  occupies  rooms  in  Hilton  Block.  Its 
objects  are  chiefly  literary. 

The  Pi  Eta  Society,  which  is  in  some  sense  complementary  to  the  Hasty 
ruiiding  Club,  has  rooms  on  Brattle  Street.  It  was  founded  in  18GG,  when  the 
increasing  size  of  the  college  classes  showed  that  there  was  room  for  another 
association  beside  "  the  Pudding."  It  consists  of  about  forty  member?,  elected 
from  the  junior  class  in  the  latter  part  of  each  year.  From  1873  till  1876  the 
society  occu^jicd  rooms  in  the  highest  tluor  of  Mollis,  similar  to  those  occupied 
at  that  time  in  Stoughton  by  the  Hasty  Pudding  Club.  After  the  fire  in  Ilollis 
in  1876  the  society  moved  to  its  present  rooms  on  Brattle  Street.  These  have 
been  handsomely  fitted  up.  The  object  of  the  society  is  mainly  social ;  dra- 
matic entertainments  are  frequently  given.  The  increasing  size  of  the  college 
classes,  and  the  enthusiasm  with  which  the  members  care  for  the  interests  of 
the  society,  has  assured  for  the  Pi  Eta  a  firm  place  among  college  associations. 

Besides  these  more  important  societies  there  are  others  whose  objects  arc 
mainly  social  (as  the  Institute  of  17  70,  and  the  Everett  Athenaeum,  both 
sophomore  societies),  and  a  number  whose  purposes  are  more  serious.  Among 
the  latter  are  the  Natural  History  Society,  the  Finance  Club,  the  Historical 
Society,  the  Philosophical  Club,  and  the  Philological  Society,  which  aim  to 
foster  the  study  of  the  subjects  indicated  by  their  respective  titles.  The  oldest 
and  most  active  of  them  is  the  Natural  History  Society,  founded  in  1837.  The 
members  of  these  societies  prepare  and  read  papers,  and  invite  specialists  in 
their  subjects  to  deliver  public  lectures  to  the  students  of  the  university. 

36a.  The  Hilton  Dormitories.  In  jiassing  up  Harvard  Street,  the  attention 
of  the  visitor  is  attracted  by  a  tine  row  of  buildings,  directly  opposite  Boylston 
Hall  (7),  and  occupying  almost  the  entire  square  from  Holyoke  Street  to  Linden 
Street.  These  are  the  Hilton  Dormitories,  five  in  number,  and  the  property  of 
Mr.  James  Manter  Hilton  of  Cambridge.  Tliese  are  most  desirable  buildings 
for  their  purposes,  and  provide  accommodations  far  beyond  those  known  at  college 
a  decade  ago.  They  are,  liowever,  the  natural  outcome  of  a  need  for  dormitories 
whicli  should  furnish  the  student  witli  the  same  conveniences,  and  even  luxuries, 
as  tliose  to  which  he  had  been  accustomed  at  home.  For,  as  the  college  author- 
ities are  necessarily  conservative  in  sucli  matters,  it  has  been  left  for  private 


AND   ITS  SURROUND rXGS.  75 

capital  to  make  a  move  in  this  direction.  Mr.  Hilton,  after  buying  and  remodel- 
ling the  Dolton  Block,  erected  in  1883  the  first  of  his  buildings;  and  so  eagerly 
were  the  rooms  sought  for,  that  every  suite  was  leased  before  the  plans  for  the 
foundations  were  drawn.  The  conveniences  within,  and  its  proximity  to  the 
college-yard,  make  this  block  very  popular.  There  are  sixteen  suites,  each  con- 
sisting of  a  parlor,  bedroom,  bath,  closets,  etc.,  and  intended  to  be  occupied  l)y 
one  student,  since  some  of  those  who  can  afford  to  do  so  prefer  to  room  alone 
rather  than  to  share  a  double  suite  with  a  chum.  The  rooms  are  all  finished  in 
oiled  light  woods,  and  the  walls  and  ceilings  handsomely  papered,  or  otherwise 
decorated;  but  the  most  attractive  feature  is  the  large,  ornamental.  Queen  Ainie 
fireplace  in  the  parlors,  built  out  into  the  looin  and  capable  of  burning  logs  four 
feet  long,  a  feature  which  has  the  double  value  of  furnishinjj  a  pleasant,  sociable 
fire,  and  affording  also  excellent  ventilation.  But  the  student  here  does  not 
depend  upon  his  fireplace  to  heat  his  rooms;  for  this  is  furnished  by  radiators 
connected  with  a  fifty-horse  boiler  which  supplies  the  five  buildings  with  steam 
and  hot  water,  and  besides  this  there  is  a  relief  boiler  in  case  the  larger  one  is 
temporarily  disabled.  As  is  the  universal  custom  at  Harvard,  the  student  fur- 
nishes his  own  rooms;  and,  in  consequence,  these  rooms  in  Hilton  are  fitted  nji 
with  much  elegance,  costly  furniture,  upholstery,  and  decorations  throughout. 

The  second  of  these  dormitories  was  built  better  than  the  first,  the  street  front 
of  the  building  being  finished  in  pressed  brick  with  terra-cotta  trinunings,  anti 
the  whole  surmounted  by  an  iron  cornice.  The  internal  ananu'ements  of  this 
building  are  mnch  the  same  as  those  of  the  first  described,  j'.acli  nioin  has  two 
large  windows  looking  out  into  the  college-yard  <n'  oft"  over  ibe  "  winding 
Charles,"  according  as  it  is  front  or  back.  Tiie  inierior  is  rniisbed  in  ibeny. 
and  tbe,  fireplaces  are  provided  with  wide  cherry  ni'inlei-boards. 

On  the  first  floor  are  Leavitt  &  Peirce's  fine  billiard-parlors,  the  w.ills  bcinu 
wainscoted  in  cherry  two-thirds  of  their  height,  while  the  remaining  tliird  is 
thickly  coveri'd  with  photographs  of  the  various  miiversity  athletic  associations. 

38.  Little's  Block,  situated  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Harvard  and  I)nn- 
ster  streets,  adjoins  Holyoke  House  (37)  on  the  west,  ami  fornis  with  it  the 
imi)osing  row  opi)osite  the  collei^e  yard.  Little's  Ulock,  erected  by  Charles 
<^'.  Little,  conipris<!s  two  separate  buildings,  geneially  ilisiinguished  as  tin; 
"old"  and  "new"  halls.  The  former  was  built  in  is.")J,  and  the  latter  in 
IKCil),  at  tim<;s  when  the  college  n(;ed(;d  additional  acconniiodations  for  stu- 
dents, and   ilid    not    have   means  a\ailab|e  lor  I  be  creel  ion  ol'    new   halls,      liolli 


76  HARVARD    CiXIVERSITY 

are  of  brick,  triminod  with  sandstone,  five  storit's  higli,  105  feet  long  and  60 
feet  deep.  In  187  7  the  entire  bloek  was  remodeled,  when  an  attractive  brick 
front  replacetl  that  of  the  old  hall,  and  an  additional  story  was  put  upon  the 
<?ntire  structure.  P2ach  building  contains  sixteen  suites  of  large  and  eomnio- 
diuus  apartnii-nts,  including  study,  bedrooms,  closets,  and  coal  bins.  Each 
suite  is  provided  with  open  stoves,  chandeliers,  and  gas  fixtures. 

These  buildings,  by  reason  of  their  admirable  and  convenient  location  and 
excellent  acconunodations,  have  always  been  regarded  as  favorite  dormitories. 
A  lai'ge  number  of  members  of  the  senior  class  are  usually  catalogued  as  occu- 
pants of  these  rooms.  The  students  who  occupy  this  block  are  generally  those 
who  are  able  to  pay  a  good  price  for  their  rooms  and  to  furnish  them  accord- 
ingly, the  result  being  that  the  apartments  are  handsomely  fitted  up.  The 
owners  of  the  block  are  obliged  to  reserve  one  room  in  each  building  for  the 
use  of  a  proctor,  who  is  designated  by  the  college  faculty.  The  old  and  new 
tails  are  owned  respectiveh'  by  George  Coffin  Little  (class  of  1856)  and  John 
A.  Little,  residents  of  New  York  city,  whose  agent  in  Cambridge  is  Charles 
W.  Sever,  proprietor  of  the  — 

University  Bookstore,  on  the  first  floor  of  Little's  Block,  No.  464 
Harvard  Street.  This  store  was  established  near  the  beginning  of  the  present 
century,  by  William  Hilliard,  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Harvard  and  Holyoke 
streets,  in  a  wooden  building  which,  in  1825,  gave  place  to  the  present  brick 
block.  The  bookstore  continued  in  that  locality  until  185n.  About  1824 
James  Brown  became  associated  with  Mr.  Hilliard  under  the  firm  of  Hilliard 
&  Brown.  In  1832  Lemuel  Shattuck  Avas  admitted  as  a  partner,  and  the 
style  of  the  firm  was  changed  to  Brown,  Shattuck,  &  Co.  In  183.3  the  busi- 
ness was  purchased  by  James  ]\Innroe  &  Co.,  and  in  1836  it  passed  into  the 
hands  of  John  Owen,  who  retained  it  until  1847,  when  it  was  purchased  by 
George  Nichols  (class  of  1828)  who  carried  on  the  business  for  about  two 
years,  and  then  transferred  it  to  John  Bartlett,  whose  name  it  bore  for  ten 
years.  Mr.  Bartlett  afterwards  entered  the  firm  of  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.,  of 
which  he  is  at  jiresent  an  active  member.  His  successors  were  Charles  W. 
Sever  and  George  C.  Francis  (class  of  1854)  under  the  firm  name  of  Sever  & 
Francis,  which  continued  until  1871,  when  Mr.  Francis  withdrew,  on  account 
of  ill  health.  The  senior  partner  then  assumed  the  entire  business,  which 
he  still  retains.  The  location  of  the  store  has  been  changed  several  times. 
Originally  at  the  cofner  of  Holyoke  and  Harvard  streets,  it  was  in   1859   re- 


%» 


I 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS. 


// 


moved  to  the  corner  of  Brighton  Street  and  Harvard  Square,  and  thence 
in  1871  to  the  present  locaht}-.  The  bookstore  has  always  been  somewhat 
alHed  to  the  college,  the  original  purpose  of  the  establishment  having  been 
to  supply  the  students  with  classical  text-books,  which  in  the  early  part  of 
the  century  were  difficult  to  procure  except  by  direct  importation.  For  many 
years  the  proprietors  held  a  contract  with  the  corporation  to-jn'ovide  the 
stutk^nts  with  the  necessary  books,  the  college  paying  for  the  same  and  in 
turn  charging  the  amount  on  the  term  bills.  From  the  beginning  it  has  been 
the  head-(juarters  for  students'  supplies.  Several  works  of  the  professors 
have  been  publi.shed  here,  as  well  as  numerous  miscellaneous  books  and 
pamphlets.  The  university  catalogue  is  always  sold  by  the  proprietor  of  the 
store,  under  contract  with  the  college. 

We  are  now  in  the  vicinity  of  the  "Old  Mile  Stone"  that  i>rojects  ahove 
the  curb  on  the  west  side  of  tlie  college  yard  near  Dane  Hall  (4).  .John  Lang- 
don  Sibley  found  the  stone  after  it  had  been  for  many  years  lost  to  public 
view,  and  planted  it  near  the  spot  where  it  was  originally  ])laced  by  the  sur- 
veyor, Abraham  Inland,  whose  initials  form  j)art  of  the  inscription.  The 
old  stone  carries  us  back  to  ante-revolutionary  times,  before  the  West  Hoston 
bridge  was  built,  when  the  distance  from  Cambriilge  to  Hoston  was  eight  miles, 
and  the  road  passed  through  Brighton,  Brookline.  and  ltoxl)ury. 

North  of  the  Mile  Stone,  on  the  oj)p(isite  side  of  the  street,  stands  the  — 

40.  First  Parish  Church,  facing  the  entrance  to  the  college  yard.  Its 
location  is  amjily  suggestive  of  its  past  history  and  that  of  the  ancient  society 
for  whidi  it  was  built,  looking  as  it  does  on  the  college,  for  wliose  use,  like 
the  preceding  houses  of  worship,  it  was  in  part  erected,  and  on  the  graves 
of  those  who  onci!  worshiped  under  its  roof  or  within  the  walls  of  its  pred- 
ecessors. 

Its  erection  in  18.'].'J  was  the  result  of  a  negotiation  between  the  p,u•i^ll 
and  the  college  corj)oration,  ]iro|iosed  and  conducted  liy  I'roiilent  (^iiiuc\. 
"  Tli<^  Parsoniige  Lot,"  so  called,  now  forming  \\m'\.  of  the  college  grounds, 
was  then  [jurcliased  by  the  college.  The  corporation  agreed  to  proviile  a 
church  of  suitable  architecture  and  dimensions  at  a  cost  then  <leemi'il  satis- 
factory, amounting  finally  to  $12, .000,  in  exchange  for  the  parsonage  lot  of 
four  acres,  togetlier  with  tlie  land  on  whieli  the  old  meeting-]u)use  stood,  the 
<  wriersliij)  and  use  of  the  north  gallery  in  the  new  church  for  the  ollicers  and 


78 


HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 


member!*  of  the  colloije  in  vacation,  and  the  right  of  occupying  the  church 
four  (lays  in  the  year  for  commencement  and  other  college  occasions.     Ae- 

cordingly,  for  thirty-eight  years,  from 
1834  to  1872,  the  annual  commence- 
ments, the  public  exercises  of  the  Phi 
Beta  Kappa  Society  and  those  of  the 
Society  of  the  Alumni  were  held  in  this 
,j  church,  the  interior  of  which  was  ad- 
tv^^  '^  mirably  constructed  both  for  seeing 
and  hearing.  Probably  during  that 
period  a  greater  number  of  eminent 
men  were  gathered  within  its  walls  on 
various  occasions  than  in  any  other 
church  in  the  country. 

Three  of  the  collecre  presidents, 
Everett,  Sparks,  and  Walker,  on  leav- 
ing the  pi'esidency,  were  among  the 
most  faithful  and  constant  of  the  wor- 
shipers in  the  First  Parish  Church. 
It  was  in  this  church  that  the  inau- 
guration of  President  Everett  took  place.  Just  as  he  was  beginning  his  ad- 
dress, Mr.  Webster  entered  and  took  his  seat  on  the  platform  with  an  ap- 
plauding welcome  from  the  audience,  and  Mr.  Everett,  with  his  usual  felicity 
and  grace,  turning  to  him,  said.  "I  wish  I  had  authority  to  say,  '  Expectatur 
oratio  in  lingua  vernacula  a  Webster.'  " 

In  this  church  many  choice  and  brilliant  orations  and  poems  have  been  de- 
livered from  _vear  to  year.  The  first  poem  heard  in  it  was  written  and  de- 
livered by  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson,  who,  three  years  after,  gave  the  oration 
before  the  *  B  K  Society,  when  one  of  his  hearers,  a  graduate  of  the  old  school, 
puzzled  by  his  peculiar  style  of  thought  and  speech,  exclaimed,  •'  Either  this 
man  is  crazy  or  I  am."  It  was  in  this  church  that  Oliver  AVendell  Holmes, 
then  a  young  man  of  twenty-four,  spoke  the  poem  before  the  *  B  K  which  has 
seldom  had  its  equal  on  a  similar  occasion. 

Since  1872  the  college,  being  provided  with  a  suitable  place  for  public  oc- 
casions in  the  Appleton  Chapel  and  Sanders  Theatre,  has  ceased  to  use  the 
First  Parish  Church,  and  has  formally  relinquished  all  its  rights  and  pri\  1- 


First  Parish  Church  (4D). 


AND   ITS  Si^RROCNBIXGS.  79 

leges  in  connection  with  it.  The  First  Parish,  as  its  name  indicates,  is  the 
most  ancient  of  the  Canibriilii;e  rehnious  societies,  and  one  of  the  largest  and 
most  nourishing  of  the  Unitarian  clmrelies  in  Boston  and  its  vicinity. 

In  18t)8  the  church  was  thorouglily  renovated  and  tlie  interior  remodeled, 
with  additional  conveniences  for  religious  and  social  meetings,  as  well  as  for 
the  Sunday-school,  in  the  vestry  adjoining. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  it  was  not  built  of  more  substantial  material  than 
wood.  The  view  of  it  in  front,  from  the  college  yard,  with  its  Gothic  tower 
and  spire,  is  quite  pleasing,  as  well  as  the  side  view  from  North  Avenue. 
With  plenty  of  air  and  light,  its  internal  arrangements  are  pleasant  and  IkIj)- 
ful  both  to  speaker  and  hearer. 

The  original  records  of  the  First  Church,  kept  by  the  successive  jiastors 
from  the  time  of  Brattle,  in  1G!)6,'  the  christening  basin  presented  to  him  by 
the  college  students  and  given  by  him  to  the  church,  and  the  conuuunion  plate, 
are  interesting  relics  of  the  past. 

The  first  minister  in  the  present  church  edifice,  and  pastor  in  charge  for  thirty- 
eight  consecutive  years,  was  the  Rev.  William  Xewcll.  D.  D  .  ordained  in  the  old 
meeting-house.  May  19, 1830.  His  successor.  Rev.  F  G.  Peabody,  was  ordained 
]\Iarch  31,  1874,  and  his  successor,  Rev.  Edward  H.  Ilall,  in  April,  1882. 

No  doubt  the  curious  stran<rer  will  notice  the  little  "  God's  acre"  with 
moldering  and  cruniljling  tombstones,  on  the  north  side  of  the  First  Parish 
Churcli.      This  is  known  as  tlu^  — 

41.  Tovni  Burying  Ground.  In  1G35  the  town  ordered  it  to  be  p;iled  in. 
and  until  1702,  while  used  as  a  graveyard,  it  was  leased  as  a  sheep  ])asture. 
Within  these  few  square  feet  of  sod  rest  the  aslies  of  some  men  who  were  the 
guiding  minds  of  tlieir  day.  Among  the  epitaplis  that  should  l)e  found  there 
are  those  of  Presidents  Dunster,  Chauncy,  Oakes,  Leveretl,  Wadswortli,  IIol- 
yoke,  Webber,  andJose[)h  Willard  ;  Pastors  Thomas  Shej)ard,  Jonathan  Miteli- 
ell,  Nathaniel  Gookin,  William  Brattle,  Timothy  Iliiliard,  and  Nathaniel  A])- 
pleton,  who  was  for  sixty-seven  years  in  charge  of  the  First  Church,  l)aptiz- 
ing  during  that  long  period  2,138  persons  and  receiving  into  membership  781 

1  The  rocords  previoud  to  thin,  diilinn  fi'oni  ](>>",  nnd  ii1m>  the  written  mitoliioirniphy  of  Thdiiiiis 
ShoparJ,  are  Htill  preserved  !)>•  the  "  Firxt  Church  in  Cnmbri(li;r  "  tliiit  now  worclilpx  in  (lie  Sliepiinl 
Me1110ri.1l  Church  (44).  The,><e  uiieient  bookH  am  be  Heen  by  ntniii(fcrji  who  desire  to  look  upon  the 
veritJil>l<!  vfUcK  of  the  Puritann. 

A  lint  of  ehureh  nienilier-i  duriiiK  th<'  pantonito  of  .Mitchell  and  in  hin  handwritiii(f,  diHcoviTi'cl  in 
IHl,',  in  the  l'rin<-e  collection  of  MianiiHcriptH  in  the  Old  South,  in  Hovlim.  i«  liiniii.l  up  with  the  llrst 
voluMie  of    records  ir  ]poH.>'<-Hcion  of  the  "  I'irat  I'nrish  Chiinh." 


8o 


HAR I 'AKD    UNIVERSITY 


persons.  Here  also  were  interred  the  renaains  of  Rev.  Edward  Wigglesworth, 
the  first  HoUis  Professor  of  Divinity,  Governor  Belcher,  the  Vassal  family, 
Elijah  Corlet,  "  that  memorable  old  school-teacher,"  Stephen  Daye,  the  first 
printer  in  this  part  of  America,  Samuel  Green,  captain  of  the  militia  for  thirty 
years  and  mana;j;er  of  the  printing-press  for  fifty  years. 

It  is  rather  snrpi'isiiig  that  the  citizens  of  Cambridge,  witli  so  much  wealth 
and  culture,  should  allow  this  venerable  spot  to  lie  unadorned  and  almost 
totally  neglected,  and  remain  a  common  ])athway.  Although  considerably  im- 
proved within  twenty  years  past,  it  yet  remains  in  appearance  not  much  more 
than  an  inclosure  of  many  nameless  tombs  and  many  broken  gravestones,  inter- 
spersed with  brambles  and  weeds. 

In  1845  Harvard  College  renewea  the  tablet  on  a  tomb  over  the  remains 
of  President  Dunster,  and  in  1870  the  city  erected  a  neat  Scotch  granite  monu- 
ment in  memory  of  six  Cambridge  men  who  fell  Ajiril  19,  1775,  in  defense  of 
the  liberty  of  the  people. 

On  the  west  side  of  the  Town  Burying  Ground  stands  — 
42.  Christ  Church,  fronting  on  Garden  Street.     This  is  the  mother  Epis- 
copal church,  and  the  oldest  existing  place  of  worship  of  any  denomination 
in  Cambridge,  and  it  is  rich  in  historical  interest. 

The  parish  was  organized  in  1 759 ;  the  first  rector,  the  Rev.  East  Apthorp, 
was  appointed  a  missionary  of  the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  tlie  Gospel 

the  same  year,  and  the  church 
was  opened  for  worship  Oc- 
tober 15,  1761.  It  was  built 
from  designs  furnished  by 
Peter  Harrison,  the  architect 
of  Kind's  Chapel,  Boston ; 
and,  although  built  of  wood, 
it  was  considered,  in  its  orig- 
inal proportions,  a  model  of 
architectural  beauty. 

The  mission  was  established 
and  the  church  built,  as  ex- 
Christ  Church  (42).  pressly  stated,  to  provide  for 
the  spiritual  needs  of  tlie  members  of  the  Church  of  England  i-esident  in  Cam- 
bridge, as  also  for  "  such  students  of  Harvard  College  as  are  of  that  church." 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  8 1 

Special  provision  has  always  been  made,  therefore,  in  this  church  for  such 
students,  and  the  rector  has  always  regarded  himself  as  oflicially  charjicd  witli 
the  duty  of  ministering  to  them  as  a  pastor,  as  well  as  with  the  rectorship 
of  the  parish  in  which  Harvard  College  is  located.  The  students,  on  tlieir 
part,  have  ever  taken  a  lively  interest  in  the  church,  assisting  in  its  minis- 
trations as  lay  readers,  teachers  in  the  Sunday-school,  mendjcrs  of  the  choir, 
and  otherwise. 

Prior  to  the  Revolutionary  War,  Christ  Church  was  the  spiritual  home  of 
the  Church  of  England  aristocracy  and  loyalty.  The  families  to  whom  the  old 
mansions  of  Cambridge  once  belonged  —  the  Vassals,  Lees,  Phippses,  Lech- 
meres,  and  Inmans — here  gathered  for  worship.  Mr.  Apthorp  was  succeeded 
by  the  Rev.  Winwood  Sarjeant;  but  when  hostilities  broke  out,  rector  and 
coniircgation  alike  were  dispersed  as  tories  and  royalists;  the  Connecticut 
miiiiia  were  quartered  in  the  church  at  the  time  of  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill, 
and  the  leaden  pipes  of  the  fine  old  English  organ  were  melted  for  bidlets. 

When  Genei-al  Washington  took  command  of  the  army  in  Caml)ridge  he  re- 
moved the  troops  and  had  the  church  cleansed;  on  Sunday,  December  31, 
17  7.3,  the  church  was  reopened.  Colonel  Palfrey  of  the  army  readiu'j:  service 
as  a  layman,  at  the  request  of  the  general,  who  attended  with  Mrs.  Washing- 
ton and  his  military  staff. 

From  this  date,  however,  there  was  no  resident  rector  of  Christ  Church  for 
fifty  years  For  a  time  it  was  under  the  charge  of  some  Boston  rector;  twice 
it  was  closed  for  years  and  services  were  wholly  suspended;  and,  for  a  g(K)d 
f>art  of  that  period,  it  was  supplied  with  lay  readers  by  students  of  Harvard 
College,  nmon'_'  wliom  were  several  who  were  afterwards  prominent  in  the 
ministry  of  the  Church,  sudi  as  Bishops  Hehon  of  Soutli  Car.ilina  and  Wain- 
wriirht.of  New  York,  *\w  Rev.  Drs.  Asa  Eaton  and  Stephen  II.  Tyiig. 

Tn  the  year  1826  Chri<t  Church,  aft(  r  thorough  restoration  and  repairs,  was 
reopened  at  last  for  reffular  an<l  settled  services  under  the  charge  of  tlie  Rev. 
George  Otis,  then  tutor  in  the  college.  Mr.  Otis  was  succeeded  in  turn,  .it 
short  intervals,  by  young  clergymen  who  have  since  been  well  known:  tiie 
ven.'rable  Dr.  Coit,  long  of  Troy,  and  now  of  the  Berkeley  Divinity  Schcu)), 
Middletown,  Conn.;  Bishop  Howe  of  Central  IVnnsylvaiiia:  Bishop  Vail  of 
Kansas:  Dr.  South'.rate,  for  some  time  Missionary  Bi-hop  to  Turkey;  Dr. 
George  Leeds,  rector  f)f  Grace  Church,  Baltimore;  and  Bisho]>  Williams  of 
Connecticut.     In  18;ja  the  Rev.  Nicholas  Hoppin,  D.  D.,  entered  upon  a  rector- 


82  HARVARD    CXIVERSITY 

ship  which  continiiod  to  1874.  Rev.  Dr.  AVni.  C'liauncy  Langdon  was  rector 
from  187G  to  1880.     His  successor  is  the  Rev.  James  F.  Spaldinii;. 

In  the  year  18o7  it  was  found  necessary  to  set  back  the  chancel  end  and 
lenirthen  the  church,  thus  somewhat  marring  its  original  ]jroportions  ;  but  its 
general  appearance  from  the  Common  is  unchanged.  The  interior  arrange- 
ments have  also  been  somewhat  modified  ;  the  square  pews  have  been  re- 
placed by  pews  of  more  modern  form;  the  old-fashioned  pulpit  with  its  sound- 
ing board  and  reading  desk  beneath  has  also  disappeared  ;  and,  finally,  the 
organ  has  lately  been  brought  down  from  the  old  choir  loft  to  the  corner  near 
the  chancel. 

The  flagon  and  one  covered  cup  of  the  silver  communion  service  of  Christ 
Church  bearing  the  royal  arms  were  given  by  William  and  ^Nlary  to  King's 
•Chapel,  Boston.  They  were  in  1772  transferred  to  this  (church  by  Governor 
Hutchinson.  The  silver  alms-basin  was  the  gift,  in  1761,  of  Mrs.  Apthorp, 
mother  of  the  first  rector.  The  original  Bible  and  prayer-books  are  still  in  the 
possession  of  the  church,  two  folio  service  books  now  standing  on  the  chancel 
window-sill.  The  original  parchment  parish  register,  with  its  entries  dating 
from  1759,  is  in  the  possession  of  the  rector. 

Immediately  to  the  right  and  left  on  entering  the  church  are  two  lar^e  tali- 
lets,  containing  the  Commandments,  Creed,  and  Lord's  Prayer,  which  were 
brought  fnmi  old  Trinity  Church,  Boston,  when  it  was  taken  down  in  1828. 

The  original  church  bell  was  an  English  gift;  but  it  was  recast  in  1831. 
The  chime  of  thirteen  bells,  "  The  Harvard  Chime,''^  was  the  gift  of  alumni  of 
the  college,  upon  the  completion  of  the  first  centenary  of  the  church. 

In  the  crypt  or  cellar  of  the  church  are  still  to  be  seen  the  family  vaults  of 
the  Vassals.     Christ  Church  faces  the  — 

42a.  Cambridge  Common.  In  1769  the  proprietors  of  the  Common  granted 
the  land  to  the  town,  "  to  be  used  as  a  training  field,  to  lie  undivided  and 
remain  for  that  use  forever."  This  was  the  place  X)f  arms  of  the  settlers  of 
1631,  who  selected  it  for  their  strong  fortress  and  intrenched  camp.  This 
ground  was  the  muster  field  of  the  American  army  of  the  Revolution  ;  and 
here  the  flag  of  thirteen  stripes  was  first  unfurled.  George  the  Third's 
speech,  sent  out  by  the  Boston  gentry,  was  burned  upon  this  common.  This 
was  also  the  place  where  the  colonial  army  was  drawn  up  for  grand  parade 
iind  drill.      About  the  centre  of  the  Common  rises  the  — 


AND  ITS  SURROCNDIXGS. 


83 


43.  Soldiers'  Monument,  lii  tlie  late  civil  war  Massachusetts  furnished 
the  lir.st  volunteer  trooj)s,  aiul 
Cambridge  the  earliest  military 
organization.  During  the  war 
Cambridge  furnished  4.588  sol- 
diers, of  whom  938  perished.  T(j 
commemorate  this  record,  and 
to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  the 
valor  and  patriotism  of  those 
who  lost  their  lives  in  the  war, 
the  city  erected  this  monument. 
The  laying  of  the  corner-stone 
took  place  June  17,  18G9,  and 
the  dedication  July  13,  1870. 
The  entire  height  of  the  monu- 
ment is  r>5  feet,  8  inches.  The 
base  has  an  e.xtreme  measure  of 
80  feet  sc[uart',  :iL  the  centre  of 
which  projects  the  main  pedes- 
tal, supporting  an  arched  arcade 
or  temple,  with  a  roof  surmoniil- 
ed  by  a  column.  On  the  lop  is 
the  statue  of  a  soldier  standing 
at  ease.  There  are  four  granite 
bas-reliefs,  representing  the  four 
arms  of  service,  —  navy,  caval- 
ry, artillery,  and  infantry.  Four  ])anc]s  are  enrichetl  by  bas-reliefs  of  the 
(■o:ils-of-arms  of  the  city,  state.  United  States,  and  (uand  Army  of  the  Ite- 
jiuldic.  Tliere  are  nine  tablets.  One  tablet,  placed  upon  the  fmnt  of  the 
niain  pe(lestal,  contains  the  dedicatory  inscripiinn,  .ind  eijjii  i.ilijet^.  set  in  liie 
fo  M-  buttresses,  two  in  eacli  buttress,  are  inseiilied  with  the  names  \A  the  sol- 
diers and  sailors  of  Cambri<lge  who  died  in  the  service  of  their  country  in  ilie 
war  for  tin-  niainlen;ince  ol'  the  I'nion.  'I'lie  eannon  ai-ound  ilie  nioninnenl 
were  used  in  the  Kevolutioniny  \\':ii-. 

A  short  distance  west  of  Christ  (liuicb  (42),  at    (be  corner  ol  (iarden   and 
Mason  streets,  is  the  — 


Soldiers'    Monument  (43). 


84  HARVARD   UNIVERSITY. 

44.  Shepard  Memorial  Church.  This  is  the  sixth  house  of  worship  oceu- 
pirtl  i)y  the  First  I'hiircli  in  Caiiil)ri(lge,  which  was  founded  in  16;i()  h\  tlie 
Rev.  Thomas  Shepard  and  his  associates.  The  name  of  this  first  minister  has 
been  given  to  the  meeting-house  and  to  the  ecclesiastical  society  with  which 
the  First  Church  is  connected.  The  laying  of  the  corner-stone  took  i)lace 
April  29,  1871,  and  the  dedication  May  22,  1872.  The  chapel  was  finished 
in  the  following  year.  Both  are  of  stone.  One  stone  from  the  house  erected 
in  1756  is  built  into  the  walls  of  this  house.  The  main  building  is  in  the  Nor- 
man or  Romanesque  style  of  architecture,  cruciform  in  shape,  and  can  .seat 
1,200  persons.  The  woodAvork  is  in  black  walnut.  A  freestone  tablet  on 
ihe  north  wall  contains  a  condensed  history  of  the  church,  and  one  on  the 
south  wall  a  list  of  the  ministers  of  the  church.  The  win<lows  are  of  cathe- 
dral glass,  except  one  very  fine  memorial  window  in  the  transept.  The  in- 
iirior  length  of  the  nave,  which  terminates  in  an  octagonal  apse,  is  120  feet. 
'I'lie  length  of  the  transept  is  92  feet,  and  the  height  of  the  tower  and  spire 
about  170  feet.  The  spire  is  surmounted  by  the  cockerel  which  was  placed  on 
the  New  Brick  Church  in  Boston  in  1721.  The  parsonage  is  in  the  same 
inclosure  with  the  meeting-house.  The  present  pastor  is  Rev.  Alexander 
McKenzie  (class  of  18.59,  and  secretary  of  the  board  of  overseers  of  Harvard 
College).  The  location  is  remarkably  fine.  The  church  faces  the  conunon 
and  the  college,  and  flirectly  in  front  rises  the  — 

45.  'Washington  Elm.  Drake  says  of  this  grand  old  tree  :  "  Apart  from 
its  association  with  a  great  event,  there  is  something  impressive  about  this 
elm.  It  is  a  king  among  trees;  a  monarch,  native  to  the  soil,  whose  subjects, 
once  scattered  abroad  upon  the  plain  before  us,  have  all  vanished  and.left  it 
alone  in  solitary  state.  The  masses  of  foliage  which  hide  in  a  measure  its 
mutilated  members,  droop  gracefully  athwart  the  old  highway,  and  still  beckon 
tht-  traveller,  as  of  old,  to  halt  and  breathe  a  while  beneath  their  shade.  It  is 
not  pleasant  to  view  the  decay  of  one  of  these  Titans  of  ])rimeval  growth. 
It  is  too  suggestive  of  the  waning  forces  of  man,  and  of  that 

'  La.'it  scene  of  all, 
That  ends  this  strange,  eventful  history." 

As  a  shrine  of  the  Revolution,  a  temple  not  made  with  hands,  we  trust  the 
old  elm  will  long  survive,  a  sacred  memorial  to  nations  yet  to  come.  AVe 
need  such  monitors  in  our  public  places  to  arrest  our  headlong  race,  and  bid 
us  calmly  count  the  cost  of  the  empire  we  possess.     We   shall  not  feel   the 


<y  ?^  c        ^=:_ 


SHEPARD   MEMOKIAL  CHURCH  (44). 


WASHINGTON   ELM  (45). 


86 


HARIAKD   UNIVERSITY 


worse  for  such  introspection,  nor  could  we  have  a  more  impressive  counselor. 
The  memory  of  the  great  is  with  it  and  around  it;  it  is  indeed  on  consecrated 
ground.  When  the  camp  was  here,  Washington  caused  a  platform  to  be  built 
amonir  the  branches  of  this  tree,  where  he  was  accustomed  to  sit  and  survey 
with  his  glass  the  country  round."  In  front  of  the  iron  railing  previously 
placed  there  by  Rev.  Daniel  Austin,  stands  a  granite  tablet,  erected  by  the 
city  of  Cambridge,  containing  an  inscription,  written  by  Henry  W.  LoM<rfcllow, 
as  follows  :  — 

UNDKI!   Tins   TREE 

WASHINGTON 

FIKST   TOOK     COMMAND 

OF   THE 

AMERICAN    AK.MY, 

JULY    3l),    1775. 

A  century  after  Washington  unsheathed  his  sword  beneath  the  elm,  the  people 
of  Camliridge,  in  commemoration  of  that  event,  celebrated  the  day  with  be- 
coming enthusiasm.  At  that  time  the  stately  and  revered  tree  was  profusely 
covered  with  flowers  and  other  decorations. 

West  of  the  Common,  on  AVatei-house  Street,  the  second  house  east  of 
Garden  Street,  is  the  — 

46.  Waterhouse  House,  which  bears  the  marks  of  great  age,  and  is  prob- 
ably one  of  the  oldest  houses  now  standing  in  Cambridge.  It  resembles  the 
houses    built  by   the  early 

I 


settlers,  and  has  an  admi- 
rable loi'ation  looking  over 
the  Common  toward  the 
College  Yard.  Some  relics 
of  the  "  American  Jenner," 
and  of  an  even  earlier  oc- 
cupant than  he,  still  remain 
here.  In  one  room  is  a 
clock  surmounted  by  the 
symbolic  cow.  At  the  head 
of  the  staircase  stands  an 
old  clock  with  an  inscrip- 
tion which  shows  that  Peter  ,A,  ♦     U  U  ,A^\ 

Waterhouse  Xouse  (46). 

Oliver,  former  chief  justice 

of  the  j)rovince.  j)resented  it  in  1790  to  Dr.  ^Vaterhouse.    Tlie  old  time-kee]>er 


AiVD  ITS  SCRROUND/NGS.  87 

requests  its  possessor  to  wind  it  on  Christmas  and  the  Fourth  of  July.  In 
another  room  hangs  a  crayon  portrait  of  Mrs.  Waterhouse,  the  doctor's  mother, 
painted  by  Allston  when  a  student  of  Harvard.  Another  occupant  of  the  house 
was  Henry  Ware,  wliose  portrait  adorns  the  walls.  It  is  probable  that  Will- 
iam Vassal,  who  owned  and  occupied  the  house  before  the  war,  has  left  some 
relics  there.  Afterwards,  Kev.  Winwood  Sarjeant,  a  former  rector  of  Christ 
Church,  lived  in  this  nouse.  Dr.  Waterhouse,  whose  name  is  attached  to  the 
house,  was  one  of  the  first  physicians  to  introduce  vaccination  in  this  country. 
On  Garden  Street,  at  the  junction  of  Concord  Avenue,  until  188.")  stood 
the  — 

47.  State  Arsenal.  Tlie  oldest  buildings  were  erected  in  1817.  It  served 
during  the  war  as  a  storehouse  and  cartridge  manufactory.  Troops  were 
also  stationed  there.  In  late  years  it  was  not  used  for  military  purposes.  Tlie 
Camljridge  Dramatic  Club  used  one  I)uililing  for  private  theatricals. 

A  short  distance  beyond,  on  Garden  Street,  at  the  corner  of  I.innean  Street, 
is  Die  — 

48.  Botanic  Garden.     (See  page  .")8. )     Diagonally  opposite  is  the  — 

49.  Astronomical  Observatory.  (See  page  51).)  Passing  through  Uond 
Street,  on  I  Ik;  east  side  of  the  01)servatory,  to  Concord  Avenue,  and  thence 
into  Huckinf.diam  Street,  we  soon  reach  Brattle  Street.  (Juing  westward  as 
far  as  Applcton  Street,  and  then  throuirh  Highland  Street,  we  j)a.ss  — 

49a.  The  Reservoir,  at  the  corner  of  Reservoir  Sti-eet.  It  was  rel)uill  ami 
enlar'.red  in  ISfKJ-CT,  and  covers  an  area  of  ne:n-ly  due  and  a  tldrd  acres.  lis 
capacity  is  .">,.S ".'3,3.30  gallons.  The  elevation  of  the  coping  i>  92  feet  above 
the  city  base,  and  the  top  of  the  stand-pipe,  or  tower,  I.!(i  feet. —  thus  prac- 
tically raising  tlu>  reservoir  to  that  additional  lieiuln.  Into  thif  lower  tin- 
water  is  pumped  from  Fresh  Pond  i)y  means  of  two  Woriliington  engines 
worked  alternately.  At  certain  times  eacji  day  the  wali  r  is  suMicieiilly  ele- 
vated to  fill  the  highest  taidvs  in  the  cily.  Tbe  raparily  of  eacJi  of  tlicse 
pum|)S  is  .0,000,000  gallons  in  Iwenty-foiu*  hours,  'i'lie  ic-ervoir  snjiplies  the 
five  wards  of  Cand)ridge.  Owing  to  the  fine  view  wliicli  its  elevated  position 
commands,  it  is  a  favorite  resort  on  pleasant  evenings.  The  tower,  which 
affords  a  beautiful  prospect,  is  usually  locked,  but  permission  to  ascend  it  can 
be  readily  obfjiiiied  from  the  superintendent  or  thi'  jierson  in  charge. 

Turning  to  the  left,  into  Fayer weather  Street,  at  its  foot,  we  reach  — 


88 


HAR I  'A  RD    i  DIVERS/  TV 


50.  ElmTvood,  —  the  Lo'well  Homestead.  Tlie  grounds  front  on  boll* 
Klniwodd  AvtMuir  and  lirattle  Strt'ot.  The  lionse  was  probably  built  as  early 
as  17G0.  Tlie  surroundings  retain  many  traces  of  the  original  features;  the 
splendid  grove  of  pines,  the  noble  elms,  —  that  give  rise  to  the  name  "Elm- 
wood,"  —  the  old  barn  and  outhouses,  together  with  a  remnant  of  the  old  or- 
chard, remain  to  indicate  what  had  been  there. 

Thomas  Oliver,  the  last  of  the  Eniilish  lieutenant-governors,  resided  here 
in  ante-revolutionary  times.     The  following  explains  his  resignation:  — 

"  My  house  at  Cambridge  being  surrounded  by  four  thousand  people,  in  com- 
^   .    .,  plianoe  wiili  their  com- 


'^^^^<A?!i  y 


mands  I  sign  my  name 
Thomas  Oliveh." 

After  the  battle  of 
Bunker  Ilill  the  house 
served  as  a  hospital, 
and  the  field  opposite 
for  a  burial-ground. 

EUiridge  Gerry,  the 
democratic  governor, 
and  later  vice-presi- 
dent, dwelt  liere  dur- 
ing his  official  terms; 
from  his  name  the 
word  "  sjerrvmander  " 
^'"^"°°^  '^^'-  isderive^d. 

Gerry's  successor  to  the  estate  was  Rev.  Cliarles  Lowell,  the  father  of 
James  Russell  Lowell,  the  poet  (class  of  1838).  in  ilii<  house  "The  VAi- 
low  Papers  "  were  written.  Elmwood,  now  the  property  of  Professor  Lowell, 
Minister  to  England,  embraces  thirteen  acres,  charmingly  situated  and  beauti- 
fully improved. 

Passing  the  front  of  Elmwood  through  Elmwood  Avenue,  we  see  to  the  left, 
on  the  south  side  of  Mount  Auburn  Street,  corner  of  Channing,  the  new  — 

50a.  Cambridge  Hospital,  which  is  the  result  of  some  years  earnesf  effort 
on  the  part  of  many  residents,  particularly  of  Miss  Emily  Parsons,  a  daughter 
of  Theophilus  Parsons. 

The  object  of  the  hospital  is  tlie  relief  of  the  sick  and  disabled  jjoor.     The 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  89 

buildings  have  been  erected  entirelj'  by  the  contributions  of  benevolent  persons. 
It  is  in  no  way  officially  connected  with  the  city  of  Cambridge,  and  its  manage- 
ment and  property  are  vested  in  a  boaril  of  trustees  consisting  of  well-known 
<;itizens.     It  was  incorporated  Feb.  14,  188.>. 

The  hospital  grounds  of  nine  acres  are  about  half  a  mile  west  of  Harvard 
College,  on  the  south  of  Mount  Auburn  Street,  overlooking  Charles  River,  with 
a  river-front  of  500  feet  and  about  oO  feet  above  its  level.  On  the  opposite 
bank  of  the  river  is  the  college  park  of  about  70  acres,  presented  to  Harvard 
College  by  Professor  II.  W,  Longfellow,  Nathan  Appleton,  and  others,  to  be 
preserved  as  a  park  or  meadows  for  the  use  of  the  students,  and  from  wiiich 
all  buildings,  except  those  appurtenant  to  a  park,  are  excluded. 

The  hospital  is  thus  favorably  situated  for  its  objects.  It  stands  upon  an 
elevated,  porous,  gravelly  knoll,  with  a  beautiful  view  over  the  river  ami 
meadows  to  the  south  that  can  never  be  obstructed.  The  buildings  of  brick 
and  freestone  are  simi)le  and  attractive.  A  central  administrative  building 
■of  three  stories,  40  by  50  feet,  has  rooms  for  the  medical  officers,  matron,  and 
nurses;  on  each  si<le  of  the  administrative  building  is  award  of  one  story,  40 
by  70,  with  a  large  sun-room  at  the  south  end  well  wanned  in  winter,  one 
ward  for  males  and  one  for  females.  Between  the  wards  is  a  court-yard  iUi  feet 
wide.  The  three  buildings  are  connected  by  an  open  corridor,  glazed  in  winter, 
and  by  a  sub-corridor.  The  wards  have  17  beds  each,  and  in  the  central  l)uild- 
ing  are  six  private  rooms  for  pay-patients.  The  heating  is  by  the  circulation  of 
hot  water  from  two  boilers  in  the  central  building;  steam  can  be  sul)Stituicd  if 
greater  heat  shall  be  required.  The  basements,  which  extend  under  the  wliolr 
of  each  of  the  two  wards,  are  exclusively  ventilating  and  heating  chambers.  Tiir 
warm  air  from  them  enters  the  wards  above,  througli  openings  in  the  \\\\\\> 
between  the  beds,  Ki  in  each  ward.  The  ventilating  cliimney  of  10  .s(iuare  feet 
is  in  the  central  building,  to  which  the  ventilating  ducts,  arranged  lieneatb  the 
floor,  are  led.     The  l)uildings  were  ready  for  occupation  in  1S85. 

Now  going  westward  a  short  distance  on  Mount  .\ul)urn  Street,  we  see  — 

50b.  Mount  Auburn,  one  of  the  largest  and  most  beautiftd  cemeteries  in 
the  world.  The  earliest  meeting  on  the  snl)ject  of  a  cemetery  near  tluM-ily  of 
Boston  was  held  in  November,  1S25,  when  a  design  that  was  sni)milled  is  said 
to  have  met  with  unanimous  api)roval.  In  1S:!0  an  olTer  of  "Sweet  .\nl»urn" 
for  $(!,0(M)  was  obtained.  In  1S:5I  a  g<'neral  meeting  was  called  "  lo  eonsiiler 
Ihe  details  of  a  plan  about  to  be  carrii'd   into  e\eculion."      It  was  (hen  voted 


90  HARVARD    rXIVI-lRSirY 

to  purchase  the  property  for  an  '•  cxperiineiital  pjarden  and  rural  cemetery," 
pni\  iiled  one  hundred  subscribers,  at  SCO  each,  could  be  secured.  A  commit- 
tee of  twenty  was  also  appointed,  iucludinu  Justi(;e  Story,  Daniel  Wel)ster, 
Charles  Lowell,  Jacob  Bi-i^eiow,  Samuel  Appleton,  Edward  Everett,  Abbott 
Lawrence,  ami  others.  The  land  was  bou<rht,  and  the  fee  vested  in  the 
Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society,  which  was  authorized  by  the  State  to 
hold  property  for  cemetery  and  garden  purposes.  The  consetrration  took 
place  on  Saturday,  September  24,  1831.  A  temporary  amphitheatre  was 
erected.  An  audience  of  nearly  2,000  persons  was  seated  among  the  trees, 
adding  a  scene  of  picituresque  beauty  to  the  impressive  solemnity  of  the  occa- 
sion. The  first  choice  of  lots  was  sold  at  auction  November  28,  1831.  In 
183.3  the  property  was  transferred  to  the  "  Projirietors  of  the  Cemetery  of 
Mount  Auburn,"  a  society  incorporated  March  31,  1835. 

There  are  more  than  thirty  miles  of  avenues  and  paths  through  beautiful 
hills  and  vales,  lined  with  conspicuous  and  noteworthy  tombs,  monuments,  and 
statues.  The  entrance  gate,  after  an  Egyptian  model,  chiseled  from  Quincy 
granite,  is  on  the  north  fi'ont,  whicli  has  an  imposing  iron  railing  along  its 
entire  length.  The  highest  mound  in  the  cemetery  is  125  feet  above  the  level 
of  Charles  River,  that  winds  about  the  southeastern  Ijoundary.  Upon  this 
mound  is  the  tower,  60  feet  high,  from  which  can  be  obtained  one  of  the  best 
views  of  the  environs  of  Boston.  The  chapel  is  built  of  granite,  in  the 
Gothic  style.  In  it  are  several  marble  statues.  Special  tickets  for  strangers 
who  desire  to  drive  into  the  cemetery  must  be  obtained  from  one  of  the  o(Hcers 
of  the  corporation.  The  gates  are  open  to  any  one  on  foot  from  sunrise  to 
sunset  every  day  except  Sundays  and  holidays;  but  persons  holding  projirie- 
tors' or  special  tickets  can  obtain  admission  at  any  time. 

Turning  homeward,  we  pass  through  Brattle  Street,  which  is  the  modern 
name  of  a  road  that  was  the  great  Avestern  thoroughfare  at  the  time  when 
the  head-quarters  of  the  colonial  army  were  in  Cambridge.  This  street  was 
then  known  as  Tory  Row,  and  the  peculiar  fitness  of  this  designation  will  be 
learned  as  we  pass  the  old  landmarks.  Diagonally  opposite  "  Elinwood  " 
(50).  on  Brattle;  Street,  is  the  — 

51.  Fayerweather  House,  built  about  the  middle  of  the  last  century. 
Captain  George  Ruggles,  one  of  the  rich  Cambridge  tories  who  lived  on 
Brattle  Street  before  the  Revolution,  was  its  owner  until  1774,  when  he  sold 
it  to  Thomas  Fayerweather,  who  occupied  it  till  his   death,  and   by  whose 


AND   ITS  SURROLWDINGS. 


91 


name  it  is  commonly  known.  It  finally  i)assed  into  the  hands  of  Wiliianj 
Wells  (class  of  179G),  a  fine  classical  scholar,  and  the  literary  partner  of 
the  well-known  publishing  firm  of  Wells  &  Lilly  in  Boston.  His  estahlish- 
ment  having  been  destroyed  by  the  Court  Street  fire  in  1825,  he  pinrhiised 
the  Fayerweather  House  in  1828,  which  he  used  many  years  as  a  boarding 
and  day  school  for  the  preparation  of  boys  for  college.  Amons  his  distin- 
guished  pupils  whose   memories   go  back    to   the   old   place   are    Richard    H. 

Dana,  Jr.,  James  R.  Low- 
ell, T.  Wentworth  Higirin- 
son,  William  W.  Storv,  J. 
F.  W.  Ware,  and  William 
M.  Hunt.  The  house,  like 
others  of  its  time,  i)ui!t  of 
substantial  materials,  is  in 
excellent  condili(m,  and 
surrounded  with  nuble 
trees  and  pleasant  grounds. 
On  part  of  the  estate  has 
been  built  the  attractive 
residence  of  Henry  Van 
IJrunt  (class  of  1S:)4),  the 
well-known  architect. 


Fayerweather   House  (51) 


On  the  same  side  of  Brattle  Street  we  ne.xl  reach  the  — 

52.  Lee  House,  said  to  be  the  oldest  now  stamling  in  ('.Miiluidgc.  it  is 
large,  plain,  and  square,  and  is  supposed  to  have  been  imili  aljnui  two  hun- 
dred years  ago,  on  a  frame  brought  over  from  England.  One  dI  ihc  evidences 
of  its  age  is  the  (;lay  mortar  lay  in.'  of  tlie  great  chimney  that  rises  through  the 
centre  of  the  house.  The  lower  rooms  have  massive  beams  in  the  ceilings  ;  all 
are  low,  yet  commodious.  Some  of  the  walls  are  co^ei'cd  witli  landscape  paper, 
one  of  them  evidently  very  ancient.  The  owner  at  the  outbreak  of  the  luv- 
oiution  was  Judge  Joseph  I^ee,  by  whose  name  tlie  house  is  now  known.  He 
took  rrfngi-  in  Boston  din-inir  the  siege.  This  was  one  of  the  few  houses  (m 
Tory  Row  that  were  not  confiscated.  After  the  war  it  was  reoccnpied  by  .luilge 
L(!e.  For  th('  past  twenty-five  years  it  has  been  owned  and  (ic(ii|ii(ii  li\  (Jcurge 
Nichols,  a  graduate,  of  the  (;lass  of  1828,  and  his  family. 

Farther  down,  f)M  tlir  sanu^  side  of  Bialllc  Street,  at  the  nortliwi'>l  coiiicr 
of  Sparks  Street,  slamls  the  — 


92 


//.•/  A'  / '.-/  RD    UNI  I  'EKSI  TV 


53.  Riedesel  House,  so  modi'in  in  its  ai)]H'iiiinu't'  tliit  one  would  scarcely 
bi'liovo  tliat  the  ujiper  .sto- 
ries were  built  about  1  750.  / 
The  house  was  occupieil 
first  by  llichard  Lechuiere, 
a  Boston  distiller,  and  aft- 
erwards by  Jonathan  Sew- 
all  —  both  royalists.  The 
latter,  as  a  friend  and  asso- 
ciate of -John  Adams,  urij;ed 
him  to  remain  with  the 
royalist  party,  but  Adams 
replied  to  him:  "The  die 
is  now  cast;  I  have  passed 
the  Rubicon;  swim  or  sink, 
live  or  die,  survive  or  per- 
ish with  my  country,  is  my 
unalteralile  determination." 

The  house  was  mobbed  in   1774,  and  Sewall  fled  to  Boston.     Baron  Riede- 
sel, with  the  Baroness,  was  quartered  here,  after  the  surrender  of  Burgoyne's 

army    of    which    he 


Lee    House  (62 


1  ■<■ 


■^. 


was  an  officer.  Until 
quite  recently  a  pane 
of  glass  in  one  of  the 
windows  contained 
the  autograph  "  Rie- 
desel," that  had 
probably  been  cut 
with  a  diamond  by 
the  Baroness. 

It  became  the  resi- 
dence of  John  Brew- 
ster, a  prominent 
Boston  banker,  into 
whose  hands  it  pass- 
ed in  1845.  Since  Mr.  Brewster  acquired  the  property  the  original  house  has 
been  raised,  and  an  additional  story  built  underneath. 


^3. 


Riedesel   House  (53). 


AXD   ITS  SC'KKOi-A'D/XGS. 


93 


A  ^hort  distance  below,  on  the  same  side  of  Brattle  Street,  is  — 
54.  Washington's  Head- quarters,  or  Longfellow's  Home,  the  most 
noteworthy  house  in  Cambridge.  It  is  in  fact  a  wooden  mansion  lined  with 
brick,  and  was  built  in  1739  by  Colonel  John  Vassal.  The  exterior  sim- 
ply carries  one  back  to  the  ante-revolutionary  period;  but  the  interior  gives  a 
strong  impression  of  comfort  and  refinement.  The  surroundings  are  charm- 
ingly picturesque.  In  1775  Vassal  became  a  fugitive  under  British  protection, 
and   Colonel  John   Glover,  with   the  Marblehead   regiment,  took   possession. 


Washington's    Head-quarters,    or   Longfellow's   Home  (54). 

Washington  estaljlished  his  head-(juarfers  Iiere  in  July,  1  77.'),  and  remained 
for  eight  months.  More  noted  patriots  of  1  77(;  entered  this  house  than  any 
other.  Mrs.  ^\'M^lliIlliton  and  hei-  suiic  ;n'ri\tci  ;it  ]ic:i(l-(|u:n'ters  in  I)eceud)er, 
1775.  We  learn  that  Mrs.  Washington  held  hei-  levees  and  gave  lier  dinner 
parties,  while  Washington  with  his  staff  was  deliluirating  on  ihe  o])erations  o£ 
the  army  (l(!stined  to  create  a  free  republic.  Franklin  dined  at  this  house 
wlien  he  came  to  settle  the  estal)lishment  of  the  colonial  army.  Wasliinglon 
revisited  the  house  in  178!). 

After  the  war  the  first  proprietor  was  Nathaniel  Tracy,  who  had  been  en- 


94 


HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 


gajed  in  privateeriiiir.  He.  fitted  out  the  first  private  armed  vessel  that  sailed 
from  an  Ameriean  port,  and  owned  the  i)rincii)al  share  in  a  number  of  cruisers 
that  wrousiht  <;reat  dama^re  to  the  British  marine.  It  is  related  tliat  after  he 
had  lost  some  forty  ships  he  was  (juite  ih-spondent,  and,  while  discussing  with 
his  brother  how  they  should  obtain  the  means  of  subsistence  for  their  families, 
an  unexpected  vessel  sailed  into  the  harbor  bringing  a  prize  valued  at  £20,000. 

The  next  owner  was  Thomas  Russell,  who,  as  the  story  goes,  made  a  break- 
fast of  a  sandwich  consisting  of  a  hundred  dollar  bill  between  two  slices  of 
bread.  In  1791  Andrew  Craigie,  the  apothecary-general  of  the  continental 
army,  bought  the  house  with  150  acres  of  land,  upon  which  was  the  Vassal 
House  (59).  for  £3,750.  Among  the  guests  of  Dr.  Craigie  were  Talleyrand 
and  the  Duke  of  Kent.  In  1833  Jared  Si)arks  and  Willard  Pliillips  resided 
here.  Edward  E-verett  and  Joseph  E.  Worcester,  the  lexicographer,  also 
lived  in  this  house.  In  1837  Henry  W.  Longfellow  became  an  inmate  of  the 
house,  and  in  1843  he  purchased  it,  with  eight  acres  of  the  surrounding  land. 

54a=  The  Longfello-w  Memorial  Association.  —  Shortly  after  the  death 
of  the  poet  Longfellow,  Mr.  Arthur  Gilnian  addressed  a  letter  to  "  The  Boston 
Advertiser,'"  in  which  he  suggested,  that,  as  Mr.  Longfellow  had  for  years  held 
open  the  field  opposite  his  house  in  order  that  lie  might  enjoy  the  view,  and  that 
the  citizens  of  Cambridge  and  their  visitors  might  share  it  with  him,  a  very 
grateful  mode  of  expressing  respect  for  his  memory  would  be  to  purchase  tlie 
lot,  and  erect  upon  it  a  sitting  statue  of  the  poet.  The  thought  found  acceptance 
with  many  of  the  neighbors;  and  out  of  it  grew  the  Longfellow  Memorial  Asso- 
ciation, the  purpose  of  which  was  announced  to  be  the  erection,  on  the  spot, 
of  such  a  memorial  as  the  funds  contributed  by  the  admirers  of  the  poet  would 
authorize,  and  the  keeping  open  of  the  lot,  or  the  erection  of  some  otlier  memo- 
rial, if  money  enough  to  accomplish  these  objects  should  not  be  forthcoming. 

A  popular  subscription  was  organized,  and  thousands  of  persons  scattered 
throughout  the  country  and  in  foreign  lands  contributed;  but  the  sum  total  has 
not  yet  warranted  any  actual  erection  of  a  memorial.  After  the  association 
had  been  in  existence  a  certain  time,  the  children  of  Mr.  Longfellow  gen- 
erously gave  the  portion  of  the  lot  necessary  for  its  purposes  (some  100,000 
square  feet) ;  and  the  fence  that  is  seen  was  built  about  it.  The  amount  necessary 
for  the  memorial  is  .§50,000,  of  which  over  $12,000  are  now  in  the  hands  of  the 
treasurer,  Benjamin  Vaughan.  These  familiar  with  the  matter  express  the 
beUef  that  iu  due  time  a  memorial,  second  to  none  in  America,  will  be  raised  to 


AND   ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  95, 

the  poet's  memory  on  the  spot  which  he  so  much  lovcil.  The  lot  overlooks  the- 
River  Charles  and  Mount  Auburn,  mentioned  in  the  poet's  verse;  and,  when 
comi^leted,  the  memorial  will  be  of  great  interest  to  the  thousands  of  visitors 
who  come  to  Camliritlge  to  see  the  places  connected  with  his  life.  The  poet- 
James  Russell  Lowell  is  president  of  the  association. 

54b.  The  Harvard  Annex  may  as  well  be  mentioned  here,  although  the 
building  used  for  recitations  and  lectures  is  on  the  corner  of  Garden  and  .Mason 
Streets.  It  was  formerly  known  as  the  Fay  Mansion,  having  been  for  many 
years  the  homestead  of  the  family  of  the  late  Judge  Fay.  In  the  front  room 
on  the  side  towards  the  "Washington  Elm,"  the  Rev.  Dr.  Samuel  Gilman,  a 
relative  of  Judge  Fay,  wrote  the  favorite  college  song  "Fair  Harvard."  Tlie 
"Annex"  is  less  known  by  its  legal  name,  "The  Society  for  the  Collegiate 
Instruction  of  Women."  It  is  presided  over  by  a  corporation,  at  the  head  of 
which  stands  Mrs.  Louis  Agassiz.  Its  fundamental  principle  is  the  education 
of  women  by  Harvard  teachers,  after  the  Harvard  methods;  and  no  instructor 
is  employed  who  is  not  already  connected  with  the  University.  The  plan  was 
workfHl  out  by  its  originators  for  several  years  before  it  came  to  the  notice  of  the 
public,  and  did  not  in  any  way  originate  with  the  college,  though  when  it  was 
brought  to  the  notice  of  the  professors  it  was  adopted  with  nuicli  interest;  and, 
during  all  its  history,  it  his  been  cordially  sui)porte(l  by  the  teachers  of  the 
university,  upon  whom  it  depends  for  its  life  and  efficiency. 

The  instruction  in  the  "Annex"  is  a  repetition  of  that  given  in  tin-  uni- 
versity. The  requirements  for  admission,  and  the  examinations  during  the 
courses,  are  the  same  as  those  of  the  college,  the  same  "  papers"  being  used  in 
each  case,  and  the  rank  of  the  women  being  determijied  by  the  same  professors 
who  perform  the  work  for  the  men  in  the  college.  Each  student  receives  a  certi- 
ficate at  the  end  of  the  year's  work  for  the  courses  that  she  has  pursued  satis- 
factorily, and  at  the  end  of  a  term  of  four  years  another  is  awarded  to  those  who 
have  contiiuied  in  the  classes  for  that  length  of  time.  The  certilicatt's  for  four 
years'  work  are  of  two  .sorts, — one  awarded  to  those  whose  work  has  cor- 
responded to  that  for  which  the  university  awards  the  dei,'ree  of  \\.\.,  niid  the 
other  simply  certifying  that  tli(!  holder  has  pursued  for  tliat  length  of  time 
a  course;  of  liV)eral  study,  \\w.  details  of  which  are  indii'ated  by  the  cerlilicates 
awarded  each  year  of  I  Ik;  course.  The  students  are  iicrmittcfl  to  make  use  of 
the  books  in  the  college  library,  and  in  oIIh  r  ways  Itesides  the  important  matter 
of  instruction  derive  advantage  from  proximily  to  the  university. 


g6  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY. 

Instruction  began  in  the  "  Annex"  in  1S7!»,  27  women  being  enrolled  the  first 
year.  The  number  in  attemlance  in  1SS4-!S">  Avas  5.").  .Some  of  these  have  been 
teachers  whowisheil  special  assistance  in  the  subjects  they  were  teaching;  others 
have  been  women  who  desired  to  enter  upon  the  profession  of  the  teacher;  and 
many  have  been  women  studying  simply  for  the  cultivation  of  their  intellects, 
in  order  to  prepare  themselves  for  the  enjoyment  and  performance  of  social 
■duties.  They  have  come  from  all  sections  of  the  country,  and  have  in  many 
instances  gone  away  to  take  important  positions  in  educational  institutions. 
The  corporation  is  seeking  to  raise  an  endowment  fund  for  the  purpose  of  pla- 
cing its  courses  of  instruction  upon  a  substantial  and  permanent  basis.  The 
treasurer  is  Mrs.  Alice  Longfellow  Thorp,  and  the  secretary  Arthiir  Oilman. 

54c.  The  Cambridge  Casino  is  a  corporation  organized  in  1882  to  provide 
a  place  for  boating  and  other  out-door  diversions  for  the  people  of  this  city 
"Who  may  be  admitted  to  its  use.  It  now  possesses  several  lawn-tennis  courts, 
two  bowling-alleys,  and  a  boat-house  on  the  Charles,  whose  situation  is  inter- 
esting as  being  the  place  referred  to  in  Lowell's  poem  "Under  the  Willows," 
for  several  of  these  venerable  trees  are  included  in  the  grounds. 

Between  Longfellow's  Home  and  Mason  Street,  lies  the  property  of  the* — 

55.  EPISCOPAL  THEOLOGICAL  SCHOOL  OF  MASS,  Avhich 
■was  founded  in  1867,  upon  an  endowment  given  by  Benjamin  T.  Heed  of  Bos- 
ton. Although  it  possesses  many  advantages  from  its  proximity  to  Harvard, 
it  is  not  connected  with  the  latter.  The  institution  has  a  faculty  of  five  pro- 
fessors; and  the  requirements  for  admission  are,  besides  evidence  of  fitness 
for  the  ministry,  candidateship  for  orders  in  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church, 
M'ith  full  literary  qualifications,  or  the  holding  of  a  college  diploma,  or  the 
suljmission  to  an  examination  in  the  following  subjects,  namely:  classics,  men- 
tal and  moral  sciences,  logic,  and  rhetoric.  The  dean  of  the  faculty  is  Eev. 
George  Zabriskie  Gray,  D.  D.,  and  the  secretary  is  Rev.  A.  V.  G.  Allen. 
The  outlay  for  buildings  and  land  thus  far  amounts  to  $255,000,  and  the  build- 
ings comprise  St.  John's  Memorial  Chapel,  Reed  Hall,  Lawrence  Hall,  and 
Burnham  Hall.  These  buildings  form  a  quadrangle,  open  towards  Brattle 
Street.     Referring  to  the  illustration  on  page  86,  the  building  to  the  right  is  — 

56.  St.  John's  Memorial  Chapel,  which  was  built  in  1870,  by  Robert  M. 
Mason  of  Boston,  as  a  memorial  of  his  wife  and  his  brother,  the  Rev.  Charles 
Mason,  D.  D.  It  accommodates  about  450  persons,  and  is  kept  open,  not 
■only  for  the  use  of  the  school,  but  also  as  a  free  church  for  the  students  of 


98 


HA  R  J  'A  RD    UNI  I  'ERSITY 


Harvard,  and  such  others  as  dosire  to  attend  its  services.     To  the  left  is  — 

57.  La-wrreuce  Hall,  erected,  in  1873,  by  Amos  A.  Lawrence  of  Boston. 
It  is  tlie  donuitory,  and  contains  rooms  for  forty  students.     In  the  centre  is  — 

58.  Reed  Hall,  which  contains  a  beautiful  library  room,  and  six  lecture 
rooms."  It  is  named  after  the  founder  of  the  school,  who  built  it  in  1875.  Be- 
hind the  chapel  is  — 

Burnham  Hall,  the  refectorj ,  built  in  1880  by  John  A.  Burnham  of  Boston, 
It  contains  a  large,  handsome  dining-room,  30  by  45  feet,  and  a  kitchen.  It 
can  accommodate  over  100  students.  All  of  these  buildings  are  of  stone. 
They  are  worthy  of  an  inspection  by  visitors,  who  will  be  readily  admitted 
upon  application  to  the 
janitor. 

Opposite  the  Theologi- 
cal School,  on  the  south 
side  of  Brattle  Street, 
stands  the  — 

59.  Vassal  House.  It 
is  one  of  the  oldest  houses 
now  standing,  and  while 
the  interior  has  all  the 
charms  and  comforts  of 
old  age,  the  walls  are  sur- 
rounded l)y  picturesque 
grounds.  In  1842  the  east 
front  was  injured  by  fire, 
and  its  original  appear- 
ance has  been  but  partially  restored.  From  time  to  time  additions  and 
alterations  have  been  made,  yet  the  main  buililing  presei'ves  much  of  its 
first  design.  In  1717  Jonathan  Belcher,  at  that  time  a  merchant  of  Boston, 
and  afterwards  governor  of  the  province,  inherited  the  place.  A  later  pro- 
prietor was  Colonel  John  Vassal,  the  elder,  by  whom  it  was  conveyed  to 
Major  Henry  Vassal.  The  widow  of  the  latter,  nee  Penelope  Royall,  fled  from 
her  home  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war  in  such  haste  that  she  had  not  time  even 
to  restore  to  her  friends  a  young  companion,  whom  she  consequently  was 
compelled  to  take  with  her.  Part  of  the  personal  effects  were  confiscated  by 
Colonel  Stark,  and  a  part  passed  into  Boston.  The  barns  and  outbuildings 
were  used  for  the  colony  forage.     The  property  was  not  confiscated,  as  has 


Vassal   House  (59). 


AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS. 


99 


been  sometimes  asserted.  This  house  was,  most  prol);il)ly  the  head-quarters  of 
the  medical  department  of  the  American  army,  as  well  as  the  residence  and 
prison  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Church.  The  cutting  of  '*  B.  Church,  Jr."  on  a  door 
in  the  second  story  would  seem  to  indicate  the  room  in  which  lu'  was  tletained. 
At  present  it  is  the  property  of  the  heirs  of  Samuel  Batchelder,  who 
recently  died,  in  the  ninety-fourth  year  of  his  atje. 
Farther  down,  on  the  same  side  of  the  street,  is  the  — 

60.   Brattle   House.      The   date  of   its  erection   is  prohahly  about   1740. 

The  beautiful  grounds  that 
at  one  time  surrounded  it 
comj)rised  the  famous  Brat- 
tle Mall,  which  included 
a  charming  promenade  that 
was  a  poj)ular  resort.  The 
estate  belonged  to  William 
\  Brattle  (class  of  1722).  a 
man  of  various  ]irofessions 
and  eminent  in  all.  lie  was 
at  diili  Tint  times  clergyman, 
physician,  lawyer,  ami  ma- 
jor-general. His  father  was 
Rev.  William  Brattle  (class 
of  1680),  the  noted  Cambridge  clergyman,  ami  his  luicle  was  Thomas  Brattle 
of  Boston,  treasurer  of  Harvard  College  for  twenty-five  years,  and  a  prominent 
merchant,  whose  liberality  toward  the  iirattle  Street  Church  caused  the 
church  and  street  to  be  named  after  him.  From  this  family  Hraltle  Street, 
Candn-idire,  derives  its  name.  Thomas  Brattle  (class  of  Kdd),  son  of  Will- 
iam Brattle,  mad(;  his  grounds  llir  nni-I  cclchratcil  in  New  Knuland,  and 
although  a  fugitive  in  17  7.">,  nevertheless,  u|Mni  his  return  after  tiie  war,  he 
had  his  political  disabilities  removed.  The  drowning  of  several  students, 
while  bathing,  caused  Brattle,  with  his  usual  kind-ln'artedness.  to  erect  a  free 
bath  at  the  foot  of  the  street  formerly  known  ;is  i'.,iili  i/ine,  now  ,\sh  Street. 
CJeneral  Mifflin,  while  (juartermaster  to  the  continental  army,  occuiwed  tiie 
house,  which,  during  his  occupancy,  was  visited  l)y  many  persons  distinguished 
in  the  Kevolution.  Samuel  A|)plelon,  a  Boston  merchant,  was  proprietor  of 
the  place  at  one  time.      Abraham  W.  Fuller,  who  reliiKjuished  ins  business  as 


Brattle  House  (60). 


lOO 


//.■/ A' ;  '-•/ A' /;    U. V7  /  'E RSJ  TV 


New  City  Building  (61). 


a  luerchaiit  of  Boston  to  enter  the  legal  profession,  owned  and  occupied  the 

house  for    about  seventeen 

years.  The  property  be- 
longs to  the  estate  of  Sam- 
uel   Batchelder,  who  owned 

also  the  Vassal  House  (59), 

in  which  he  resided. 

At  the  corner  beyond  is 

the  University  Press,  (64)  a 

lar^re     four  -  story     wooden 

building.     To  the  south  of 

this  building  stands  the  — 
61.  New  City  Building, 

on  the  south  side  of  Mount 

.\uburn  Street.    It  is  a  large 

brick    structure   erected,  in 

1876,    at   a  cost    of    about 

S75,000.     The  building  is  used  as  a  police  court,  police  station,  eniiine  house, 

ward-meeting  house,  several  city  offices,  art  school,  and  day  school.  The  in- 
terior is  well  finished,  and 
the  whole  is  well  adapted 
to  the  piui-poses  for  which 
it  was  erected.  The  tower 
on  the  main  jiortion  of  the 
building,  contains  an  il- 
luminated clock.  In  the 
upper  stories  are  the  bat- 
teries and  signals  of  the 
fire  department. 

62.  Hicks  House,  on 
the  southeast  corner  of 
Winthroji  and  Dunstt-r 
streets.  The  chief  historic 
event  connected  with  this 

MIC/.3   Mouse  (62)  ,  •      ..1       f      ,.    ii     i    -t 

house   IS  the  tact  that  its 
owner  and  occupant  at  the  time  of  the  Revolution  was  John  Hicks.    He  was  an 


AND  ITS  SURROUyDTXGS. 


lOI 


ardent  patriot,  and  is  said  to  have  assisted  in  the  destruction  of  tea  in  Bos- 
ton Harbor,  December  1(5,  1773.  Although  exempted  from  mihtary  service  on 
account  of  liis  age,  he  enlisted  as  a  volunteer.  He  was  one  of  the  six  citizens 
of  Cambridge  who  were  killed  on  the  day  of  the  so-called  "  Concord  Fi'jht," 
and  to  whose  memory  the  city  erected  a  monument  in  1870,  in  the  Town  Bury- 
ing Ground  (41).  The  widow  of  Mr.  Hi*ks  lived  to  the  advanced  a-^e  of 
ninety-nine  years,  and  many  persons  now  living  have  heard  from  lier  lips  an 
account  of  that  memorable  day.  This  house  was  built  in  17G0.  Tiie  north 
room  was  used  for  a  commissary  ofHce  by  the  direction  of  General  Wasbin-.^ton 
dui-ing  the  stay  of  the  army  in  Caml)ridge.  Professor  JSidncv  Willanl  owned 
and  occupied  the  house  for  nuiny  years. 

63.  St.  Paiil's  Church,  on  j\lt.  Auburn  Street,  corner  of  Holyoke  Street. 

This  house  was  originally  dedicated 
on  the  23(1  of  Fel)ruary,  is;{l. 

It  is  not  within  the  sco])e  of  this 
work  to  give  an  account  of  the  man- 
ufacturing interests  of  Cambridge. 
One,  however,  is  so  closely  allied  to 
her  educational  interests  that  we  de- 
sire to  mention  it.  We  refer  to  the 
printing  business.  The  lirst  ]irint- 
ing-press  in  America,  north  of  Alex- 
ico,  was  set  up  in  103!)  in  Cand)ridge. 
Among  the  various  ways  by  which 
one  may  reach  Harvard  College  from 
Boston,  OIK!  of  the  most  interest- 
ing, although  not  the  shortest,  is 
the  — 
65.  Brookline  Bridge  Route. 
St.  Paul's  Church  (63).  Starting    from    the   .soullicast  rornrr 

of  Boston  Common  and  going  west  on  Boylston  Street,  we  jiass  in  full  view 
of  several  elegant  family  liotels,  Ilie  Yo\m;i  Minx.  ClirisHdii  riilini,^  Masonit' 
Temple,  Boston  Puhlic.  Llhrary,  lioaUm  f'ommon, —containing  the  nrw  Sol- 
dier's Jlonument,  and  the  Old  ("emeteiy  fronting  on  Hoylsion  Slrert,  —  llie 
Public  Garden,  liofttrm  <m<1  Praridi-ncc  UaHroad  Ihpnl,  Arlington  Sln-d  Cliurcb. 
Central   Congregational   Cliur.li,   .Sisters'  Nolrv    Dmnc   Acadcnu/,    Soii.-(y   of 

»  Italicised  plucoH  arc  on  lli.-  left  liinid,  aiid  lli.-  r.M  on  ili.'  ilylil  IhiimI  hIiI.-. 


I02  HARVARD    UNIVERSITY 

Natural  History  Building,  Institute  of  Technology,  Hotel  Brunswick,'^  Museum 
of  Fine  Arts,  Trinity  Church,  Second  Unitarian  Church,  Chauncy  Hall 
School,  New  Old  South  Church.  Crossing  Clarendon  Street  to  the  New 
Brattle  Square  Unitarian  Church,  we  pass  through  Commonwealth  Avenue  — ' 
with  its  lovely  park  along  its  entire  length  —  to  Chester  Park  Street.  We  then 
cross  to  Beacon  Street.  Near  the  intersection  of  these  streets  is  the  place 
designated  for  the  entrance  to  the  proposed  Back  Bay  Park,  and  in  this  vicin- 
ity it  is  thought  that  a  new  bridge  connecting  Boston  and  Cambridge  will  be 
built.  Thus  far  the  route  has  been  through  the  Back  Bay  district,  where 
handsome  residences  are  seen  on  every  side.  Continuing  on  Beacon  Street, 
Boston's  fashionable  drive,  we  soon  reach  the  fork  in  the  road  where  it 
branches  in  three  directions,  the  one  on  the  left  towards  Jamaica  Plain,  that 
in  the  centre  towards  Newton  Centre,  while  the  one  on  the  right,  which  we 
follow,  leads  to  Brighton.  Crossing  Brookline  Bridge  we  obtain  a  charming 
view  of  Charles  River,  and  of  Boston  and  its  environs.  The  bridge  terminates 
on  the  Cambridge  side  in  Brookline  Street,  and  at  a  short  distance  is  Putnam 
Avenue,  which  leads  directly  to  the  vicinity  of  the  college.  Passing  through 
Putnam  Avenue,  we  obtain  a  good  view  of  the  Riverside  Press,  and  of 
the  Boat  House  (30). 

'  66.  Hotel  Bninswick,  Boston,  situated  upon  Boylston  Street,  corner  of  Clarendon  Street,  is  one 
of  the  most  comfortable  and  handsomely  furnished  hotels  in  the  world.  The  building,  which  is  es- 
sentially fire-proof,  is  224  by  125  feet,  six  stories  high,  with  basement,  and  contains  350  rooms.  The 
structure  is  of  brick,  with  heavy  sandstone  trimmings.  The  principal  finish  of  the  first  two  stories 
is  of  black  walnut.  On  the  right  of  the  principal  entrance  are  two  parlors  for  the  use  of  ladies, 
and  on  the  left  of  the  main  entrance  is  the  gentlemen's  parlor.  On  the  easterly  side  of  the  hotel  is 
the  new  dining  hall  dedicated  upon  Whittier's  seventieth  birthday,  when  the  proprietors  of  the 
Atlantic  Monthly  gave  the  dinner  at  which  so  many  noted  American  writers  were  present.  On  the 
right  of  the  ladies'  entrance  is  the  large  dining  hall,  80  feet  long  by  48  feet  wide  Both  dining  halls 
have  marble  tile  floors,  the  walls  being  Pompeian  red  and  the  ceiling  frescoed  to  correspond. 

The  five  stories  above  are  divided  into  suites  of  rooms  and  single  rooms,  all  conveniently  arranged, 
and  provided  with  all  modern  improvements,  including  open  fire-places,  besides  steam  heating 
apparatus.  Everything  seems  to  have  been  done  to  make  the  house  home-like,  comfortable,  and 
attractive,  and  free  from  the  usual  cheerless  appearance  of  hotels. 

The  cost  of  the  building  will  come  close  to  a  million  dollars. 

The  Brunswick  was  built  in  1874,  and  enlarged  in  1876.  The  architects  were  Peabody  and  Stearns. 
It  is  owned  by  Henry  Bigelow  Williams  (class  of  1865).  who  built  the  Felton  Building  (31).  The 
les.sees  and  managers  of  the  hotel  are  Messrs.  Barnes  and  Dunklee,  who  have  furnished  it  in  lavish  and 
magnificent  style.  It  is  conducted  on  the  American  plan,  and  under  the  skilled  hands  of  the  lessees 
has  proved  to  be  such  an  hotel  as  Boston  had  never  seen  before. 

President  Hayes,  when  attending  Harvard  Commencement,  in  1877  with  his  family  and  suite,  occu- 
pied rooms  at  the  Brunswick.  The  rooms  were  wholly  refurnished  and  the  hotel  elaborately  decorated 
for  the  occasion. 


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~h — ~ 


Hail   prince   Cliamiij 
Let    ti.e   joyful 
Hail  Prince  cp 
Let    tlie   joyfup 


1 


Se        advancirlf] 
All  the  band 
Catch  tlie   soti 
Hail    Prince 


1 
(fen 


Let   tlie   joyftjie 

Slain  is   nowjiir; 

r;y    Prince    Chte 

By   Prince   Chfc 

(Repeat  It  v£ 


— — >■'*»•  .^ 


f^^"^ 


laraii,   Hail-  Prince   Cliarming, 
oyftffelcome  sound. 
cecfrriinc,    Mail   Prince   Oianninc 
el  cor  c    sound.. 

:d:|with  songs    and   dances 
Tii    our   fair  daugliters  , 
sof.   ye   hills   ar;d   waters 
ji.rLiinc    ,    Hail   prince   Chariiiinc 
ffiiwelcoiie   sound. 


Mir  taighty   foe, 
.:.  ing's   sword    laid    low-, 
.    ing's   sword   laid   low, 
'/erse  •  ) 


DATE  DUE 


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APR 

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